Chemistry:11α-Hydroxyprogesterone
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| Other names | 11α-OHP; 11α-Hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione; 4-Pregnen-11α-ol-3,20-dione; δ4-Pregnen-11α-ol-3,20-dione |
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| Formula | C21H30O3 |
| Molar mass | 330.468 g·mol−1 |
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11α-Hydroxyprogesterone (11α-OHP), or 11α-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione is an endogenous steroid and metabolite of progesterone.[1][2][3] It is a weak antiandrogen, and is devoid of androgenic, estrogenic, and progestogenic activity.[4][5][6]
11α-OHP was investigated as a topical antiandrogen for the treatment of androgen-dependent skin conditions in the early 1950s, and was found to produce some benefit.[7] In 1995, 11α-OHP, along with its epimer 11β-hydroxyprogesterone, was identified as a very potent competitive inhibitor of both isoforms (1 and 2) of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD).[2][3] It is notably not metabolized by 11β-HSD2.[8]
11α-OHP is a more potent inhibitor of 11β-HSD than enoxolone (glycyrrhetinic acid) or carbenoxolone in vitro (IC50 = 0.9 nM; IC50 = 5 nM in transfected cells).[8][9][10] The compound has been found to be highly active in conferring mineralocorticoid sodium-retaining activity of corticosterone in vivo in rat bioassays and in increasing blood pressure, effects that it mediates by preventing the 11β-HSD-mediated inactivation of endogenous corticosteroids.[2][3]
Because of its inhibition of 11β-HSD and consequent potentiation of corticosteroids, 11α-OHP has recently been patented for the treatment of skin diseases, particularly psoriasis in combination with clobetasol propionate and minoxidil.[5]
11α-OHP is used as a precursor in chemical syntheses of cortisone and hydrocortisone.[11][12][13]
See also
References
- ↑ "Effect of 11 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone on reproductive system of normal and pregnant adult wistar rats". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 14 (10): 1268–1270. October 1954. doi:10.1210/jcem-14-10-1268. PMID 13201630.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "11 alpha- and 11 beta-hydroxyprogesterone, potent inhibitors of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (isoforms 1 and 2), confer marked mineralocorticoid activity on corticosterone in the ADX rat". Endocrinology 136 (4): 1809–1812. April 1995. doi:10.1210/endo.136.4.7895695. PMID 7895695.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "11 alpha- and 11 beta-hydroxyprogesterone, potent inhibitors of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, possess hypertensinogenic activity in the rat". Hypertension 27 (3 Pt 1): 421–425. March 1996. doi:10.1161/01.hyp.27.3.421. PMID 8698448.
- ↑ "Androgen antagonists". Pharmacology & Therapeutics B 1 (2): 217–231. 1975. doi:10.1016/0306-039X(75)90006-9. PMID 772705. "11α Hydroxyprogesterone, while devoid of androgenic, estrogenic and progestational activity, is weakly anti androgenic in castrate rats.".
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Changing the regioselectivity of a P450 from C15 to C11 hydroxylation of progesterone". ChemBioChem 13 (8): 1161–1166. May 2012. doi:10.1002/cbic.201100811. PMID 22532270. "11α-Hydroxyprogesterone is an important pharmaceutical compound with anti-androgenic and blood-pressure-regulating activity. [...] 11α-Hydroxyprogesterone can therefore influence blood pressure regulation.12 Furthermore, 11α-hydroxyprogesterone exhibits an anti-androgenic activity with minimal estrogenic and progestational side effects.13 This substance was also recently patented for its role in treating skin diseases, especially for psoriasis in combination with clobetasol propionate and minoxidil.14.".
- ↑ "Androgen antagonists in androgen target tissues". Pharmacology & Therapeutics 24 (3): 367–400. 1984. doi:10.1016/0163-7258(84)90010-X. PMID 6205409.
- ↑ Drug Therapy in Dermatology. CRC Press. 19 April 2016. p. 403. ISBN 978-0-203-90831-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=3TDMBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA403. "Topical antiandrogens have also been tried, including topical progesterone, which proved ineffective. However, small studies with topical 11α-hydroxyprogesterone and 17α-estradiol showed some benefit [38,39]."
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 complementary deoxyribonucleic acid stably transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells: specific inhibition by 11 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone". Endocrinology 137 (6): 2308–2314. June 1996. doi:10.1210/endo.137.6.8641180. PMID 8641180. "11 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone (11 alpha OH-P) was an order of magnitude more potent a competitive inhibitor of the 11 beta HSD-2 than was glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) (approximate IC50 = 0.9 vs. 15 nM).".
- ↑ "11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: a tissue-specific regulator of glucocorticoid response". Endocrine Reviews 25 (5): 831–866. October 2004. doi:10.1210/er.2003-0031. PMID 15466942. "In intact cells 11α-hydroxyprogesterone is a more potent inhibitor of 11β-HSD1 than glycyrrhetinic acid or 11β-hydroxyprogesterone (117, 118).".
- ↑ "Human 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: studies on the stably transfected isoforms and localization of the type 2 isozyme within renal tissue". Steroids 62 (1): 77–82. January 1997. doi:10.1016/S0039-128X(96)00163-8. PMID 9029719.
- ↑ Green Chemistry in the Pharmaceutical Industry. John Wiley & Sons. 2 February 2010. pp. 2–. ISBN 978-3-527-62969-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=sZP_bQifwc8C&pg=PA2.
- ↑ Bioactive Carboxylic Compound Classes: Pharmaceuticals and Agrochemicals. Wiley. 17 May 2016. pp. 250–. ISBN 978-3-527-69396-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=Bc8vDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA250.
- ↑ Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Plants. Springer Science & Business Media. 16 October 2008. pp. 5–. ISBN 978-3-540-74603-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=rchJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5.
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