Biology:Steroidogenic enzyme
From HandWiki
Steroidogenesis of steroid hormones.[1]
Steroidogenic enzymes are enzymes that are involved in steroidogenesis and steroid biosynthesis.[2][3][4][5] They are responsible for the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones, including sex steroids (androgens, estrogens, and progestogens) and corticosteroids (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids), as well as neurosteroids, from cholesterol.[3][4][5] Steroidogenic enzymes are most highly expressed in classical steroidogenic tissues, such as the testis, ovary, and adrenal cortex, but are also present in other tissues in the body.[3][4][5]
List of steroidogenic enzymes
- Steroid desmolases
- Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (20,22-desmolase) – steroid synthesis
- 17,20-Lyase (17,20-desmolase) – androgen synthesis
- Steroid hydroxylases
- 11β-Hydroxylase – corticosteroid synthesis
- 17α-Hydroxylase – androgen and glucocorticoid synthesis
- 18-Hydroxylase (aldosterone synthase) – mineralocorticoid synthesis
- 21-Hydroxylase – corticosteroid synthesis
- Cytochrome P450 (CYP1, 2, 3) – estrogen metabolism
- Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (and ketosteroid reductases)
- 3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase – androgen, progestogen, and neurosteroid synthesis and metabolism
- 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-4-isomerase (1, 2) – androgen, progestogen, and neurosteroid synthesis
- 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (1, 2) – corticosteroid synthesis and metabolism
- 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (1–15) – androgen, estrogen, and progestogen synthesis and metabolism
- 20α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase – progestogen synthesis and metabolism
- 20β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase – progestogen synthesis and metabolism
- Steroid reductases
- 5α-Reductase (1, 2, 3) – androgen and neurosteroid synthesis, progestogen metabolism
- 5β-Reductase – androgen and progestogen metabolism, neurosteroid synthesis
- Conjugation (and deconjugation)
- Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT2Bs) – steroid metabolism[6]
- Glucuronidase (β-glucuronidase) – steroid synthesis[7]
- Steroid sulfotransferase (SULT1A1, 1E1, 2A1, 2B1a, 2B1b) – steroid metabolism, neurosteroid synthesis[8]
- Steroid sulfatase – steroid synthesis, neurosteroid metabolism[8]
- Others
- Aromatase (estrogen synthetase) – estrogen synthesis
See also
- Inborn errors of steroid metabolism
- Steroidogenesis inhibitor
References
- ↑ Häggström, Mikael; Richfield, David (2014). "Diagram of the pathways of human steroidogenesis" (in en). WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (1). doi:10.15347/wjm/2014.005.
- ↑ "Steroidogenic enzymes: structure, function, and role in regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 43 (8): 779–804. Dec 1992. doi:10.1016/0960-0760(92)90307-5. PMID 22217824. https://zenodo.org/record/890723.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones". Endocr. Rev. 25 (6): 947–70. 2004. doi:10.1210/er.2003-0030. PMID 15583024.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "The Intracrine Sex Steroid Biosynthesis Pathways". Neuroendocrinology: The Normal Neuroendocrine System. Progress in Brain Research. 181. 2010. 177–92. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)81010-2. ISBN 9780444536174.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Diagnosis of diseases of steroid hormone production, metabolism and action". J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 1 (5): 209–26. 2009. doi:10.4274/jcrpe.v1i5.209. PMID 21274298.
- ↑ "UGT genomic diversity: beyond gene duplication". Drug Metab. Rev. 42 (1): 24–44. 2010. doi:10.3109/03602530903210682. PMID 19857043.
- ↑ William Fishman (2 December 2012). Metabolic Conjugation and Metabolic Hydrolysis, Volume II. Elsevier. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-323-14308-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=QbekdExthoQC&pg=PP1.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "The Regulation of Steroid Action by Sulfation and Desulfation". Endocr. Rev. 36 (5): 526–63. 2015. doi:10.1210/er.2015-1036. PMID 26213785.
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