Biology:KIR2DL1

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR2DL1 gene.

Function

Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR2DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response.

Interactions

KIR2DL1 has been shown to interact with HLA-C.

See also

• Cluster of differentiation

Further reading

• "Structure of the inhibitory receptor for human natural killer cells resembles haematopoietic receptors". Nature 389 (6646): 96–100. 1997. doi:10.1038/38028. PMID 9288975. Bibcode: 1997Natur.389...96F. 
• "Molecular basis of HLA-C recognition by p58 natural killer cell inhibitory receptors". J. Immunol. 159 (8): 3875–82. 1997. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.159.8.3875. PMID 9378975. 
• "Functionally and structurally distinct NK cell receptor repertoires in the peripheral blood of two human donors". Immunity 7 (6): 739–51. 1998. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80393-3. PMID 9430220. 
• "Human diversity in killer cell inhibitory receptor genes". Immunity 7 (6): 753–63. 1998. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80394-5. PMID 9430221. 
• "Zinc bound to the killer cell-inhibitory receptor modulates the negative signal in human NK cells". J. Immunol. 161 (3): 1299–305. 1998. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.161.3.1299. PMID 9686591. 
• "Kinetics of interaction of HLA-C ligands with natural killer cell inhibitory receptors". Immunity 9 (3): 337–44. 1998. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80616-0. PMID 9768753. 
• "Evidence for recombination as a mechanism for KIR diversification". Immunogenetics 48 (6): 413–6. 1998. doi:10.1007/s002510050453. PMID 9799338. 
• "Diversity of the repertoire of p58 killer cell inhibitory receptors in a single individual". Immunol. Lett. 68 (2–3): 267–74. 1999. doi:10.1016/S0165-2478(99)00062-0. PMID 10424431. 
• "Structure of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-Cw4, a ligand for the KIR2D natural killer cell inhibitory receptor". J. Exp. Med. 190 (1): 113–23. 1999. doi:10.1084/jem.190.1.113. PMID 10429675. 
• "Definition of polymorphic residues on killer Ig-like receptor proteins which contribute to the HLA-C binding site". Eur. J. Immunol. 30 (5): 1480–5. 2000. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(200005)30:5<1480::AID-IMMU1480>3.0.CO;2-7. PMID 10820396. 
• "A disulfide-linked natural killer cell receptor dimer has higher affinity for HLA-C than wild-type monomer". Eur. J. Immunol. 30 (9): 2692–7. 2000. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200009)30:9<2692::AID-IMMU2692>3.0.CO;2-0. PMID 11009104. 
• "N-linked carbohydrate on human leukocyte antigen-C and recognition by natural killer cell inhibitory receptors". Hum. Immunol. 61 (12): 1202–18. 2001. doi:10.1016/S0198-8859(00)00184-1. PMID 11163076. 
• "Identification of seventeen novel KIR variants: fourteen of them from two non-Caucasian donors". Tissue Antigens 57 (1): 22–31. 2001. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.057001022.x. PMID 11169255. 
• "Crystal structure of the human natural killer cell inhibitory receptor KIR2DL1-HLA-Cw4 complex". Nat. Immunol. 2 (5): 452–60. 2001. doi:10.1038/87766. PMID 11323700. 
• "Engagement of the inhibitory receptor CD158a interrupts TCR signaling, preventing dynamic membrane reorganization in CTL/tumor cell interaction". Blood 100 (8): 2874–81. 2002. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-02-0643. PMID 12351398. 
• "Soluble HLA class I induces NK cell apoptosis upon the engagement of killer-activating HLA class I receptors through FasL-Fas interaction". Blood 100 (12): 4098–107. 2003. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-04-1284. PMID 12393468. 
• "Disulfide bond-mediated dimerization of HLA-G on the cell surface". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (25): 16180–5. 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.212643199. PMID 12454284. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916180B. 

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.