Unsolved:Plandemic

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Short description: 2020 and 2023 conspiracy theory videos about COVID-19


Plandemic: The Hidden Agenda Behind Covid-19 and Plandemic: Indoctornation are a 2020 conspiracy theory video and film, respectively. Both were produced by Mikki Willis and promote misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic. They feature Judy Mikovits, a discredited American researcher who has been described as an anti-vaccine activist. The first video, in addition to promoting various conspiracy theories, also features Willis and Mikovits discussing viruses in general and Mikovits herself. Willis produced the first video with a low budget under the name of his production company Elevate Films. Three months after its Internet release, Indoctornation, which includes more interviewees, was released by conspiracy distributor London Real.

Upon its release, the first video went viral, becoming one of the most widespread pieces of COVID-19 misinformation, its popularity most attributed to online word-of-mouth. It was quickly removed by multiple online platforms, but this failed to stop its proliferation, and it might still be spreading secretly through various platforms. It had also contributed to the increasing rebellion against health protocols. Due to social media companies' preparedness for its release, Plandemic: Indoctornation received less attention.

Scientists and health professionals criticized The Hidden Agenda Against Covid-19 and Indoctornation for their misleading claims, while Willis's filmmaking style has been cited as lending to their conspiratorial and brainwashing nature. The latter was specifically poorly received for its narrative quality. After an outcry on the first video, Willis expressed doubt about Mikovits's claims but still defended her, with Indoctrination being self-described as a "response video" to debunkers.

A third film, Plandemic 3: The Great Awakening, was released on June 3, 2023.

Background

As with many medical topics, misinformation and conspiracy theories about the pandemic emerged and were spread both by private citizens and politicians. The misinformation focuses on the scale of the pandemic, the virus's origin, and disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. According to misinformation, the virus is either a bioweapon to control the population,[1] a form of espionage,[2] or an effect of 5G mobile networks.[3] Some people have claimed to have magical or faith-based cures for the disease.[4]

Judy Ann Mikovits (born 1957 or 1958) is a former American research scientist who is known for her discredited medical claims, such as the claim murine endogenous retroviruses are linked to chronic fatigue syndrome.[5] Mikovits has been engaged in anti-vaccination activism and the promotion of conspiracy theories,[6] and been accused of scientific misconduct.[7] Prior to Plandemic, Mikovits expressed support for various COVID-19 conspiracy theories, claiming, for example, that the COVID-19 pandemic is a predictable flu season.[8]

Plandemic: The Hidden Agenda Behind Covid-19

Summary

The word Plandemic in all capital, with the letter I replaced with a syringe. The word Plan has a thin body, while the word Demic is bolder.
The logo used for the first video

The 26-minute video, titled Plandemic: The Hidden Agenda Behind Covid-19,[9] promotes the conspiracist claim that vaccines are "a money-making enterprise that causes medical harm",[10] and themes of loss of free speech and free choice.[11]:19 It takes the form of an interview between the producer Mikki Willis and former researcher Judy Mikovits, who makes unsupported and false statements about SARS-CoV2, the disease it causes, and her own controversial history.[9]

Fact-checking responses

Fact-checking website PolitiFact highlighted eight false or misleading statements made in the video:[9]

  • That Mikovits was held in jail without charge. Mikovits was briefly held on remand after an accusation of theft from her former employer the Whittemore Peterson Institute but charges were dropped. There is no evidence to support her statement notebooks removed from the Institute were "planted" or that the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and its director Anthony Fauci bribed investigators.[9] When asked, both Mikovits and Willis said it was an error to say Mikovits had not been charged; she had meant to say the charges were dropped. Mikovits later said "I've been confused for a decade" and that in the future she would try to be clearer when she talks about the criminal charge; "I'll try to learn to say it differently".[12]
  • That the virus was manipulated. This possibility is still being investigated. According to Nature magazine, "Most scientists say SARS-CoV-2 probably has a natural origin, and was transmitted from an animal to humans. However, a lab leak has not been ruled out, and many are calling for a deeper investigation into the hypothesis that the virus emerged from the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV), located in the Chinese city where the first COVID-19 cases were reported."[13]
  • That the SARS-CoV2 virus evolved from SARS-CoV-1 within a decade and that is inconsistent with natural causes. This is incorrect; SARS-CoV-2 is similar but is not directly descended from SARS-CoV (SARS-1), and the viruses have only 79% genetic similarity.[14]
  • That hospitals receive $13,000 from Medicare if they "call it COVID-19" when a patient dies. This statement, which had previously been made on The American Spectator and WorldNetDaily,[15] was rated "half true" by PolitiFact[16] and Snopes;[17] payments are made, but the amount is open to dispute and there is no evidence this influences diagnosis. The evidence suggests COVID-19 may be under-diagnosed.[18]
  • That hydroxychloroquine is "effective" against coronaviruses. This statement originates in work by Didier Raoult that subsequently received a "statement of concern" from the editors of the scientific journal in which it was published.[19] The first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 found no evidence of benefit and some evidence of harm.[20] The NIH said there is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against its use to treat COVID-19.[21] As of May 7, 2020, other bodies were running additional controlled trials to investigate hydroxychloroquine's safety and efficacy.[9]:1
  • That flu vaccines increase the chance of contracting COVID-19 by 36%. This statement is false;[22] it misinterprets a disputed article that studied the 2017–2018 influenza season, predating the COVID-19 pandemic. The statement the flu vaccine increases the chance of contracting COVID-19 does not appear in the original article. The article's author Greg G. Wolff said coronavirus cases increased from 5.8% (non-vaccinated) to 7.8% (vaccinated) with an odds ratio of 1.36, with (1.14, 1.63) 95% confidence interval, and the article highlight said; "Vaccinated personnel did not have significant odds of respiratory illnesses".[23] The article refers to seasonal coronaviruses that cause the common cold, but COVID-19 was added by the website disabledveterans.org.[22]
  • That despite the goal of preventing coronaviruses, flu vaccines contain coronaviruses. In reality, there are no vaccines with coronaviruses.[24]
  • That "Wearing the mask literally activates your own virus. You're getting sick from your own reactivated coronavirus expressions." This statement is unsupported by evidence. Masks prevent airborne transmission of the virus, especially during the up-to-14-day asymptomatic period when carriers may not be aware they have the disease.[25] A virus may be deactivated, but cannot add to one's infection level if it leaves the body, even temporarily.[26]
A young adolescent carrying a yellow sign saying, "We are woke to your plandemic. We do not consent to a Gates Vaccine."
A child protesting COVID-19 vaccines with the word plandemic at Franklin County, Ohio

Science also repeats some of the statements made by PolitiFact and fact-checked some of Mikovits' and Willis' other statements:[27]

  • That Italy's COVID-19 epidemic is linked to influenza vaccines and the presence of coronaviruses in dogs. There is no relation between these.
  • That SARS-CoV-2 was created "between the North Carolina laboratories, Fort Detrick, the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, and the Wuhan laboratory". Science says considering relations between the US and the Wuhan lab stopped, the claim is false.
  • That Mikovits is not anti-vaccine. According to Science, she once wore a piece of Vaxxed II merchandise promoting a sequel to a film that says MMR vaccines cause autism and that she once sent Science a PowerPoint presentation calling for an "immediate moratorium" for "all vaccines".
  • That the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) "colluded and destroyed" Mikovits' reputation, and that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) kept this secret but did nothing to help her. Science said, "Mikovits has presented no direct evidence that HHS heads colluded against her".
  • That Mikovits's article on Science "revealed that the common use of animal and human fetal tissues was unleashing devastating plagues of chronic diseases", which the article does not say.
  • That Mikovits's Ph.D. thesis Negative Regulation of HIV Expression in Monocytes "revolutionized the treatment of HIV/AIDS"; the thesis "had no discernible impact on the treatment of HIV/AIDS".

Mikovits also alludes to several conspiracy theories that state Bill Gates is implicated in causing the pandemic to profit from an eventual vaccine,[10] and makes false and unsupported statements such as the claim that beaches should remain open because of "healing microbes in the saltwater" and "sequences" in the sand that can "protect against the coronavirus".[28] The video states the numbers of COVID-19 deaths are purposely being misreported to control people.[29]

Willis's previous credits include numerous conspiracy theorist videos and cinematography on Neurons to Nirvana, a film that makes therapeutic claims about psychedelic drugs.[9] External videos, such as one in which a chiropractor says tonic water can treat or prevent COVID-19 and one of a press conference among doctors Dan Erickson and Artin Massihi in Bakersfield, California, saying the COVID-19 pandemic is over-hyped. These external videos were also disputed beforehand.[30]

Production

The word Elevate in all caps, with the word V resembling a diamond.
Logo of Elevate Films, the California-based production company for the first video, which is owned by Willis himself. It operates under the non-profit Elevate Foundation, founded in 2006.[31]

According to Willis, producing Plandemic was a struggle. At that time, he was aware getting involved in controversial topics would risk his reputation and would likely embroil him in heated discussions. "And of course there’s been tons of it. I’ve just been navigating all of that", he said. Willis's concern arose from his perception of the pharmaceutical industry's corruption, a concern that began with the deaths of his mother from cancer and of his brother from AIDS during his 20s.[31]

Willis met Mikovits for the first time in 2019, via mutual friends. Willis, a native of Ojai, California, told the Ojai Valley News: "Because of [Mikovits'] direct connection with [those] involved with the pandemic ... I reached out to her for advice. We met, had a meeting, and what she revealed to me I knew the world needed to know." Principal photography took a day and editing took two weeks. Willis said he stopped editing a film he produced in 2019, arguing Plandemic was urgent. He was unsure whether to make a continuation.[32] After hiring a cinematographer and researcher to join the project, Willis calculated it had a budget at less than US$2,000.[31]

Willis, a low-budget filmmaker who was 52 years old at the time of Plandemic's release, teamed up with his wife Nadia Salamanca to market the video. They intentionally chose conspiratorial branding to gain attention. The project's title was the most popular choice in a Facebook poll conducted by Willis; runners-up were The Invisible Enemy and The Oath.[31]

Release

Plandemic: The Hidden Agenda Behind Covid-19 was released on May 4, 2020.[33] It spread virally on social media, garnering millions of views,[10] making it one of the most widespread pieces of COVID-19 misinformation. "Judy Mikovits" became a trending search on Google for two days.[34] According to CrowdTangle, QAnon Facebook groups endorsed the video. A Facebook spokesman recalled its hired fact-checkers wasting a huge amount of time to verify the video's claims, partly due to its duration and the number of claims.[35] Before being removed, one of the videos featuring the work attracted one million views.[36] Despite its removal, viewings of the video on the original site continued.[37] The British musician Seal expressed love for the video and called the responses to it unjustified. Other public figures including the mixed martial arts fighter Nick Catone, spread the video's misinformation and Melissa Ackison, a Republican politician, supported the video.[38] The video's legacy continues long after its release; in February 2021, The Washington Post reported an anti-mask Facebook page called "Shop Mask Free Los Angeles" used Plandemic: The Hidden Agenda Behind Covid-19 to support its claims. By this time, the Post reported some of the links had suffered from link rot.[39]

A YouTube spokesperson said the platform would remove videos supporting the claims of Plandemic without sufficient evidence, saying "[s]uggesting that wearing a mask can make you sick could lead to imminent harm". Vimeo's Trust & Safety team removed the video for violating its policies on misinformation; Twitter said hashtags like #PlagueofCorruption[lower-alpha 1] and #PlandemicMovie had been blacklisted and that not all of Mikovits' attempts to spread propaganda on the platform violated its policies. By the time the video was removed from Facebook, it had been watched 1.8 million times, had attracted 17,000 comments, and had been shared nearly 150,000 times.[40] On TikTok, the video continued to find popularity via excerpted clips, some of which were removed from the platform.[41]

According to Zarine Kharazian, assistant editor of the Atlantic Council's Digital Forensic Research Lab, as the film was removed from mainstream social media platforms, a "censorship backfire" that was characterized as a form of Streisand effect occurred; links to copies were promoted on alt-tech platforms—some of which were designed to host controversial content—were shared, with people's interest attracted by the video's perceived taboo nature.[42] Shahin Nazar and Toine Pieters of the journal Frontiers in Public Health called the marketing campaign of encouraging people via decentralized social media to propagate the anti-vaccine belief "sophisticated", noting that it might have been a major contributor to the lack of compliance towards health protocols.[43] According to The Verge, end-to-end encrypted services like WhatsApp and private groups meant the video was still being spread, unbeknown to the public.[35]

Reception

Scene featuring Mikovits standing at a walkway in a lonely forest.
The atmosphere, cinematography, and score of Plandemic are said to be what makes the claims stated sound convincing. Pictured is a cutaway during the video's opening scene.

Scientists, medical doctors, and public health experts condemned Plandemic: The Hidden Agenda Behind Covid-19 for promoting misinformation and NBC News called it "a hodgepodge of conspiracy theories".[34] Governmental organizations, including the Indonesian COVID-19 Task Force, also labeled the video as a hoax, describing it as a brainwashing and a red herring to divert the public's attention from real issues.[44] Specialist disinformation reporter Marianna Spring, writing for BBC News, as well as disinformation researcher Erin Gallagher, who was interviewed by The Guardian , said the video's professionally crafted atmosphere, cinematography, and ominously dramatic score made the stated claims sound true; according to Spring; "That makes them as dangerous—if not more so—than advice with a mix of truth and misleading medical myths".[45][46] The Los Angeles Times contacted yoga teacher and author Shiva Rea, who was a member of the board of directors of the Elevate Foundation; Rea stated she was not associated with the foundation or the film, and found Plandemic: The Hidden Agenda Behind Covid-19 to be "very disturbing".[31]

Science journalist Tara Haelle described the video as propaganda and said it "has been extremely successful at promoting misinformation for three reasons":[47]

  • It "taps into people's uncertainty, anxiety and need for answers";[47]
  • It "is packaged very professionally and uses common conventions people already associate with factual documentaries";[47] and
  • It effectively exploits various methods of persuasion, including the use of a seemingly trustworthy and sympathetic narrator, appeals to emotion, the Gish gallop, and "sciencey" images.[47]

Writing for the Deseret News, Amy Iverson attempted to explain the reasons some people are tempted to spread misinformation about the pandemic:[30]

I understand many of us are confused and feel helpless and hopeless at times these days. We want someone to blame. But we cannot turn to outrageous, unchecked claims from a few loud voices to ease our concerns. And we definitely should not spread their unsubstantiated claims.

Mikki Willis' response

Speaking to the Los Angeles Times, Willis said he is not anti-vaccine and that he was merely trying to "start a conversation about science". He described himself as open-minded; "I have a profound love and respect of doctors despite how many doctors are mad at me now". Willis said he is also skeptical of Mikovits' claims in the video; "We’re working very hard right now to validate the majority of the claims that were made" and expressed a willingness to be involved in civil discussions with doctors "on all sides".[31]

ProPublica health care reporter and investigative journalist Marshall Allen contacted Willis, who said Plandemic "is not a piece that’s intended to be perfectly balanced".[12] When asked whether Plandemic might be fairly called propaganda, he said the definition fits, although he did not feel it contains anything misleading. According to Allan, "based on [the definition of propaganda], [Willis] feels 100% of news reporting is propaganda".[12]

The Center for Inquiry's (CFI) Benjamin Radford and researcher Paul Offit asked Willis eight questions about the accuracy of the claims made in the video, either asking for evidence and clarification or asking questions such as "considering that bacteria don’t kill viruses, how would 'healing microbes' reduce or treat coronavirus infection?" Willis agreed to answer all of the questions but he never did. Radford said on the CFI's website:[48]

If the claims made by Mikovits and Willis in Plandemic are based in truth and facts, you’d think they would be eager to offer evidence supporting their claims. What better way to turn the tables on scientists, skeptics, and journalists than to offer a referenced, fact-based, point-by-point rebuttal to critics who offer them a platform? ... Where are their responses? Why are they suddenly so quiet? Why are they afraid to answer questions? What do they have to hide?

Plandemic: Indoctornation

The logo in all caps and a morbid font.
Plandemic: Indoctornation's logo

Summary

The full-length, 84-minute film titled Plandemic: Indoctornation[lower-alpha 2] was released on August 18, 2020.[49] Willis said the film is a "response video to all the debunkers", and that he worked with a coalition of 7,000 doctors and attorneys to make the film to "reform our medical systems such that they’re not under the stranglehold of Big Pharma".[32]

The film says there is a worldwide conspiracy seeking to control humanity through fear and to make money for the putative conspirators; the COVID-19 pandemic is described as a key moment in a decades-long plan. The film says people and institutions including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Google and the fact-checking agencies it employs, climate scientists, John Oliver, and Bill Gates coordinate with each other to enact the conspiracy.[50]

Plandemic: Indoctornation says COVID-19 was engineered in a laboratory, that Event 201—a 2019 disaster response exercise—was a plan to release a real virus into the population, and that the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was ejected from India.[49] The film also says a patent applied by the CDC during the 2003 SARS outbreak was meant to "[control] the proprietary rights to the disease, to the virus, and to its detection and all of the measurement of it".[51]

Fact-checking responses

PolitiFact categorized Plandemic: Indoctornation as a pseudo-documentary.[51] Many of the claims made in the film have been discredited. For example, whether COVID-19 was engineered in a laboratory remains unproven and Event 201, a 2019 disaster response exercise, was not a plan to release a real virus into the population. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation continues to fund projects in India and cooperates with the Indian government on several initiatives; it does not have technology allowing it to covertly implant an invisible proof of vaccination.[49] The CDC's defensive patent covers the genetic material detection methods for human coronaviruses so "public research and communication were not jeopardized by commercial parties seeking exclusive private control".[51]

Production and release

The word London Real in all caps, with the word Real being colored red.
Logo of distributor London Real

Immediately after the release of Plandemic: The Hidden Agenda Behind Covid-19, Willis said he was contacted by an independent producer who said he had worked on projects with HBO, Netflix, and Amazon. The producer asked Willis if he had an interest in collaborating on making a feature-length version, though the Los Angeles Times found the companies had expressed no interest in the film.[31] Soon after Plandemic's release, another set of teams announced the clips from Plandemic: The Hidden Agenda Behind Covid-19 would be part of a documentary feature film.[9]

Plandemic: Indoctornation was released by an online distributor called London Real on the website Digital Freedom Platform, which has promoted several discredited theories about the COVID-19 pandemic,[49] and was founded and managed by podcaster Brian Rose.[51] Because the film's release was promoted in advance, social media platforms were able to prepare for its release rather than scrambling to react to misinformation already circulating on their networks.[49] As part of their policy to counter disinformation about the pandemic, Facebook, Twitter, and other platforms took steps to limit the spread of the film as soon as it was posted, affixing warnings to links shared by users. YouTube removed multiple copies of the film and sixteen clips presenting specific sections from its servers.[50] Although no steps to block the content were taken, Facebook warned users when clicking the film's URL, which was blacklisted by TikTok and Instagram.[52]

According to London Real, Plandemic: Indoctornation was watched 1.2 million times by the end of its first day of release but the Atlantic Council's Digital Forensic Research Lab called the film "a total flop" that achieved much less social media engagement than the original video.[50] Because social media companies were forewarned by the viral nature of the first video, the distribution of Plandemic: Indoctornation was limited.[49] The Daily Dot said the only platform where it succeeded in getting exposure was Facebook, where it had 4,000 views of posts linking to the film on BitChute, where it had 40,000 views.[52]

Reception

Jane Lytvynenko at BuzzFeed News gave Plandemic: Indoctornation a rating of "0 stars", saying while the first video presents a protagonist (Mikovits) and a fairly clear narrative, Plandemic: Indoctornation does neither. She called the film "bloated, confused, and filled with nonsense", and said it switches between topics without clearly establishing how the pieces of information presented relate to each other. Lytvynenko wrote; "As a piece of journalism, it is Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom. As a piece of entertainment, it is Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom" and "leans on old, familiar characters instead of inventing new ones". Lytvynenko said the producers' initial claim 'the first video is a trailer for a feature film is incorrect; while Plandemic: Indoctornation discusses the same themes and includes Mikovits, most of the material in the first video is not used in the feature-length film.[50] Mike Rothschild of The Daily Dot also compared the film unfavorably with the first video.[52]

Plandemic 3: The Great Awakening

Willis teamed up with Del Bigtree, the founder of the anti-vaccination group Informed Consent Action Network, to release Plandemic 3: The Great Awakening on Bigtree's website The Highwire. The trailer for the film was released on May 23, 2023.[53]

In the trailer, Willis says that COVID-19 lockdowns are "synchronized tyranny" aimed at controlling the masses. The trailer includes out-of-context clips of world leaders and politicians discussing the Great Reset, and features personalities who have promoted misinformation about the pandemic and the COVID-19 vaccines, including Ghent University professor Mattias Desmet and Vladimir Zelenko.[53]

See also

  • COVID-19 vaccine
  • Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
  • Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019

Similar films

  • Died Suddenly, a 2022 film that promotes misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines and Great Reset conspiracy theories
  • Hold-up, a 2020 French pseudoscience propaganda film that promotes COVID-19 misinformation
  • House of Numbers, a 2009 film also alleging that HIV does not cause AIDS
  • Medical Racism, a 2021 video released by Children's Health Defense, targeting the African American community.
  • Planet Lockdown 2020 film
  • The Greater Good, a 2011 film also alleging that MMR vaccines cause autism, sponsored by pseudoscientist Joseph Mercola
  • The Other Side of AIDS, a 2004 film alleging that HIV does not cause AIDS and that HIV treatments are harmful

Explanatory notes

  1. ↑ The title of a book Mikovits co-authored (full title: Plague of Corruption: Restoring Faith in the Promise of Science).
  2. ↑ The word "Doctor" is highlighted in the logo as a play of the word "indoctrination"

References

  1. ↑ Kortepeter, Mark (August 21, 2020). "A Defense Expert Explores Whether The Covid-19 Coronavirus Makes A Good Bioweapon". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/coronavirusfrontlines/2020/08/21/a-defense-expert-explores-whether-the-covid-19-coronavirus-makes-a-good-bioweapon/. 
  2. ↑ Broderick, Ryan (January 31, 2020). "A Pro-Trump Blog Doxed A Chinese Scientist It Falsely Accused Of Creating The Coronavirus As A Bioweapon". https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanhatesthis/a-pro-trump-blog-has-doxed-a-chinese-scientist-it-falsely. 
  3. ↑ Cellan-Jones, Rory (February 26, 2020). "Coronavirus: Fake news is spreading fast". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51646309. 
  4. ↑ "Beware of Fraudulent Coronavirus Tests, Vaccines and Treatments" (in en). Food and Drug Administration. March 1, 2021. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/beware-fraudulent-coronavirus-tests-vaccines-and-treatments. Retrieved March 15, 2021. 
  5. ↑ "Detection of an Infectious Retrovirus, XMRV, in Blood Cells of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 326 (5952): 585–89. October 2009. doi:10.1126/science.1179052. PMID 19815723. Bibcode: 2009Sci...326..585L.  (Retracted)
  6. ↑ Kisken, Tom (July 5, 2019). "New group of Ventura County vaccine skeptics take shots at exemption bill" (in en). Ventura County Star (Gannett). https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/2019/07/05/vaccine-skeptics-ventura-county-exemption-proposal/1578309001/. 
  7. ↑ Flam, Faye (December 23, 2011). "Why Chronic Fatigue Study is Wrong, Maybe Fraudulent, but Biology Is Not a Hoax". The Philadelphia Inquirer. https://www.inquirer.com/philly/blogs/evolution/Why-Chronic-Fatigue-Study-is-Wrong-Maybe-Fraudulent-but-Biology-Is-Not-a-Hoax.html. 
  8. ↑ Merlan, Anna (April 22, 2020). "The Coronavirus Truthers Don't Believe in Public Health". Vice Media. https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/wxevj5/the-coronavirus-truthers-dont-believe-in-public-health. "In the same video, Mikovits rejected the notion of wearing a mask, since, she claimed, the coronavirus is actually secretly caused by a bad strain of flu shot that was circulating between 2013 and 2015." 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Funke, Daniel (May 8, 2020). "Fact-checking 'Plandemic': A documentary full of false conspiracy theories about the coronavirus" (in en-US). Poynter Institute. https://www.politifact.com/article/2020/may/08/fact-checking-plandemic-documentary-full-false-con/. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Hatmaker, Taylor (May 7, 2020). "Platforms scramble as 'Plandemic' conspiracy video spreads misinformation like wildfire". TechCrunch (Verizon Media). https://social.techcrunch.com/2020/05/07/plandemic-video-judy-mikovits/. 
  11. ↑ Garza, Gabrielle Y (December 2020). Constructing a Covid19 conspiracy: A fantasy theme analysis of the 2020 documentary "Plandemic" (PDF) (Thesis). San Marcos: Texas State University. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 1, 2021. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Allen, Marshall (May 9, 2020). "I'm an Investigative Journalist. These Are the Questions I Asked About the Viral "Plandemic" Video." (in en). ProPublica. https://www.propublica.org/article/im-an-investigative-journalist-these-are-the-questions-i-asked-about-the-viral-plandemic-video. 
  13. ↑ Maxmen, Amy; Mallapaty, Smriti (2021-06-08). "The COVID lab-leak hypothesis: what scientists do and don't know". Nature 594 (7863): 313–315. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-01529-3. PMID 34108722. Bibcode: 2021Natur.594..313M. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01529-3. 
  14. ↑ Lu, Roujian; Zhao, Xiang; Li, Juan; Niu, Peihua; Yang, Bo; Wu, Honglong; Wang, Wenling; Song, Hao et al. (February 22, 2020). "Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding" (in en). The Lancet (Elsevier) 395 (10224): 565–574. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 32007145. 
  15. ↑ Rogers, Michelle (April 24, 2020). "Fact check: Hospitals get paid more if patients listed as COVID-19, on ventilators" (in en-US). USA Today (Gannett). https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/04/24/fact-check-medicare-hospitals-paid-more-covid-19-patients-coronavirus/3000638001/. 
  16. ↑ Kertscher, Tom (April 21, 2020). "Fact-check: Hospitals and COVID-19 payments" (in en-US). Poynter Institute. https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/apr/21/facebook-posts/Fact-check-Hospitals-COVID-19-payments/. 
  17. ↑ Palma, Bethania (April 17, 2020). "Are Doctors and Hospitals Paid More for COVID-19 Patients?" (in en-US). Proper Media. https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/medicare-hospitals-covid-patients/. 
  18. ↑ Richardson, Ian (April 17, 2020). "Fact check: Is US coronavirus death toll inflated? Experts agree it's likely the opposite" (in en-US). USA Today (Gannett). https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/04/17/fact-check-covid-19-death-toll-likely-undercounted-not-overcounted/2973481001/. 
  19. ↑ Marcus, Adam (April 6, 2020). "Hydroxychloroquine-COVID-19 study did not meet publishing society's "expected standard"". Center for Scientific Integrity. https://retractionwatch.com/2020/04/06/hydroxychlorine-covid-19-study-did-not-meet-publishing-societys-expected-standard/. 
  20. ↑ "Further evidence does not support hydroxychloroquine for patients with COVID-19: Adverse events were more common in those receiving the drug" (in en). https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/05/200515174441.htm. 
  21. ↑ "Antiviral Therapy | Coronavirus Disease COVID-19" (in en). https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/antiviral-therapy/. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Teoh, Flora, ed (March 30, 2020). "Claim that flu vaccine increases coronavirus infection is unsupported, misinterprets scientific studies" (in en-US). https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/claim-that-flu-vaccine-increases-coronavirus-infection-is-unsupported-misinterprets-scientific-studies/. 
  23. ↑ Wolff, Greg G. (January 10, 2020). "Influenza vaccination and respiratory virus interference among Department of Defense personnel during the 2017–2018 influenza season" (in en). Vaccine 38 (2): 350–354. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.005. ISSN 0264-410X. PMID 31607599. 
  24. ↑ Richardson, Ian (April 1, 2020). "Fact check: Getting flu shot doesn't make you more (or less) likely to get the coronavirus" (in en-US). USA Today (Gannett). https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/04/01/fact-check-flu-shot-coronavirus-not-connected-medical-experts-say/2933900001/. 
  25. ↑ Elliott, Josh (May 11, 2020). "Viral 'Plandemic' clip pushes wild claims about coronavirus, masks and vaccines". Global News (Global Television Network). https://globalnews.ca/news/6928827/coronavirus-plandemic-judy-mikovits/. 
  26. ↑ Kasten, Jennifer (May 12, 2020). "What Judy Mikovits Gets Wrong— Pretty much everything, pathologist argues.". https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/generalinfectiousdisease/86461. 
  27. ↑ Cohen, Jon (May 8, 2020). "Fact-checking Judy Mikovits, the controversial virologist attacking Anthony Fauci in a viral conspiracy video" (in en). American Association for the Advancement of Science. https://www.science.org/content/article/fact-checking-judy-mikovits-controversial-virologist-attacking-anthony-fauci-viral. 
  28. ↑ Landsverk, Gabby; Woodward, Aylin (May 22, 2020). "A point-by-point debunk of the 'Plandemic' movie, which was shared widely before YouTube and Facebook took it down". Business Insider (Axel Springer SE). https://www.businessinsider.com/what-plandemic-movie-got-wrong-about-coronavirus-vaccines-2020-5. "Claim: Mikovits also stated that closing beaches is 'insanity' because the sand, ocean, and saltwater contain 'healing microbes.' Fact: [microbiologist Dr. Miryam] Wahrman said that's just not true. While being outdoors is pleasant and important for wellbeing, it's not a panacea. 'I love swimming in the ocean. I believe it's healthy and it's very nice. But there are no microorganisms in the ocean that will do any magic to keep you healthy in this time or any other time, and if there were, they would be so dilute as to not do anything,' she said." 
  29. ↑ "Coronavirus: 'Plandemic' virus conspiracy video spreads across social media". BBC News. May 8, 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52588682. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Iverson, Amy (May 16, 2020). "Amy Iverson: Why the 'Plandemic' viral video is dangerous". Deseret News (Deseret News Publishing Company). https://www.deseret.com/u-s-world/2020/5/16/21257431/amy-iverson-why-the-plandemic-viral-video-is-dangerous. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.6 Rottenberg, Josh; Perman, Stacey (May 13, 2020). "Meet the Ojai dad who made the most notorious piece of coronavirus disinformation yet" (in en-US). https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2020-05-13/plandemic-coronavirus-documentary-director-mikki-willis-mikovits. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Widger, Austin (May 15, 2020). "Ojai filmmaker's 'Plandemic' video goes viral". https://www.ojaivalleynews.com/?view=article&id=17703:ojai-filmmaker-s-plandemic-video-goes-viral&catid=856. 
  33. ↑ Frenkel, Sheera; Decker, Ben; Alba, Davey (May 20, 2020). "How the 'Plandemic' Movie and Its Falsehoods Spread Widely Online" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/20/technology/plandemic-movie-youtube-facebook-coronavirus.html. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Zadrozny, Brandy; Collins, Ben (May 7, 2020). "As '#Plandemic' goes viral, those targeted by discredited scientist's crusade warn of 'dangerous' claims" (in en). NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/plandemic-goes-viral-those-targeted-discredited-scientist-s-crusade-warn-n1202361. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Newton, Casey (May 12, 2020). "How the 'Plandemic' video hoax went viral" (in en). Vox Media. https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/12/21254184/how-plandemic-went-viral-facebook-youtube. 
  36. ↑ Graham, Megan (May 7, 2020). "Facebook, YouTube and other platforms are struggling to remove new pandemic conspiracy video". CNBC (NBCUniversal News Group). https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/07/facebook-youtube-struggling-to-remove-plandemic-conspiracy-video.html. 
  37. ↑ Cook, John; Linden, Sander van der; Lewandowsky, Stephan; Ecker, Ullrich (May 16, 2020). "Coronavirus, 'Plandemic' and the seven traits of conspiratorial thinking" (in en). http://theconversation.com/coronavirus-plandemic-and-the-seven-traits-of-conspiratorial-thinking-138483. 
  38. ↑ Kirkpatrick, Emily (June 8, 2020). "Where Has Seal Been? Watching Your Instagram Stories (and 'Plandemic')" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/08/style/seal-instagram-stories-plandemic-coronavirus.html. 
  39. ↑ Stanley-Becker, Isaac; Kornfield, Meryl (February 2, 2021). "Anti-vaccine protest at Dodger Stadium was organized on Facebook, including promotion of banned 'Plandemic' video". The Washington Post (Nash Holdings). https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/02/01/dodgers-anti-vaccine-protest-facebook/. 
  40. ↑ Andrews, Travis M. (May 7, 2020). "Facebook and other companies are removing viral 'Plandemic' conspiracy video" (in en). The Washington Post (Nash Holdings). https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/05/07/plandemic-youtube-facebook-vimeo-remove/. 
  41. ↑ Strapagiel, Lauren (May 27, 2020). "COVID-19 Conspiracy Theorists Have Found A New Home On TikTok" (in en). https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/laurenstrapagiel/pandemic-conspiracy-theorists-disinformation-tiktok. 
  42. ↑ Bellemare, Andrea; Nicholson, Katie; Jason, Ho (May 21, 2020). "How a debunked COVID-19 video kept spreading after Facebook and YouTube took it down". CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/alt-tech-platforms-resurface-plandemic-1.5577013. 
  43. ↑ Nazar, Shahin; Pieters, Toine (2021-07-14). "Plandemic Revisited: A Product of Planned Disinformation Amplifying the COVID-19 "infodemic"". Frontiers in Public Health 9: 649930. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.649930. ISSN 2296-2565. PMID 34336759. 
  44. ↑ "[SALAH Video "Plandemic""] (in id). Government of Indonesia. May 10, 2020. https://covid19.go.id/p/hoax-buster/salah-video-plandemic. 
  45. ↑ "Coronavirus: 'Plandemic' virus conspiracy video spreads across social media" (in en-GB). BBC News. May 8, 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52588682. 
  46. ↑ Wilson, Jason; Gallagher, Erin (May 14, 2020). "Plandemic: how the debunked movie by discredited researcher Judy Mikovits went viral". https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/may/14/plandemic-movie-discredited-dr-doctor-judy-mikovits-how-debunked-conspiracy-theory-film-went-viral. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 Haelle, Tara (May 8, 2020). "Why It's Important To Push Back On 'Plandemic'—And How To Do It" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2020/05/08/why-its-important-to-push-back-on-plandemic-and-how-to-do-it/. 
  48. ↑ Radford, Benjamin (May 21, 2020). "'Plandemic' Asks Questions—But Won't Answer Them". https://centerforinquiry.org/blog/plandemic-asks-questions-but-wont-answer-them/. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 Dunlop, W.G. (August 19, 2020). "New 'Plandemic' film promotes coronavirus conspiracy theory". https://factcheck.afp.com/new-plandemic-film-promotes-coronavirus-conspiracy-theory. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 Lytvynenko, Jane (August 18, 2020). "The "Plandemic" Sequel Is Here. We Give It Zero Stars.". https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/janelytvynenko/plandemic-sequel-review. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 Funke, Daniel (August 18, 2020). "PolitiFact – Fact-checking 'Plandemic 2': Another video full of conspiracy theories about COVID-19" (in en-US). Poynter Institute. https://www.politifact.com/article/2020/aug/18/fact-checking-plandemic-2-video-recycles-inaccurat/. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 Rothschild, Mike (August 19, 2020). "Why the sequel to a massive coronavirus conspiracy movie completely flopped" (in en-US). https://www.dailydot.com/debug/plandemic-2-indoctornation-conspiracy-theories/. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Sethi, Pallavi; Roy, Shreyashi; Smith, Alexander (May 31, 2023). "The predictable polemic of 'Plandemic'" (in en). https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/article/plandemic-3-explained. 

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