Truncated dodecahedron

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Short description: Archimedean solid with 32 faces


Truncated dodecahedron
Truncateddodecahedron.jpg
(Click here for rotating model)
Type Archimedean solid
Uniform polyhedron
Elements F = 32, E = 90, V = 60 (χ = 2)
Faces by sides 20{3}+12{10}
Conway notation tD
Schläfli symbols t{5,3}
t0,1{5,3}
Wythoff symbol 2 3 | 5
Coxeter diagram CDel node 1.pngCDel 5.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.png
Symmetry group Ih, H3, [5,3], (*532), order 120
Rotation group I, [5,3]+, (532), order 60
Dihedral angle 10-10: 116.57°
3-10: 142.62°
References U26, C29, W10
Properties Semiregular convex
Polyhedron truncated 12 max.png
Colored faces
Polyhedron truncated 12 vertfig.svg
3.10.10
(Vertex figure)
Polyhedron truncated 12 dual max.png
Triakis icosahedron
(dual polyhedron)
Polyhedron truncated 12 net.svg
Net

File:Truncated dodecahedron.stl In geometry, the truncated dodecahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 12 regular decagonal faces, 20 regular triangular faces, 60 vertices and 90 edges.

Geometric relations

This polyhedron can be formed from a regular dodecahedron by truncating (cutting off) the corners so the pentagon faces become decagons and the corners become triangles.

It is used in the cell-transitive hyperbolic space-filling tessellation, the bitruncated icosahedral honeycomb.

Area and volume

The area A and the volume V of a truncated dodecahedron of edge length a are:

[math]\displaystyle{ \begin{align} A &= 5 \left(\sqrt{3}+6\sqrt{5+2\sqrt{5}}\right) a^2 &&\approx 100.990\,76a^2 \\ V &= \tfrac{5}{12} \left(99+47\sqrt{5}\right) a^3 &&\approx 85.039\,6646a^3 \end{align} }[/math]

Cartesian coordinates

Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a truncated dodecahedron with edge length 2φ − 2, centered at the origin,[1] are all even permutations of:

(0, ±1/φ, ±(2 + φ))
1/φ, ±φ, ±2φ)
φ, ±2, ±(φ + 1))

where φ = 1 + 5/2 is the golden ratio.

Orthogonal projections

The truncated dodecahedron has five special orthogonal projections, centered: on a vertex, on two types of edges, and two types of faces. The last two correspond to the A2 and H2 Coxeter planes.

Orthogonal projections
Centered by Vertex Edge
3-3
Edge
10-10
Face
Triangle
Face
Decagon
Solid Polyhedron truncated 12 from blue max.png Polyhedron truncated 12 from yellow max.png Polyhedron truncated 12 from red max.png
Wireframe Dodecahedron t01 v.png Dodecahedron t01 e3x.png Dodecahedron t01 exx.png Dodecahedron t01 A2.png Dodecahedron t01 H3.png
Projective
symmetry
[2] [2] [2] [6] [10]
Dual Dual dodecahedron t12 v.png Dual dodecahedron t12 e3x.png Dual dodecahedron t12 exx.png Dual dodecahedron t12 A2.png Dual dodecahedron t12 H3.png

Spherical tilings and Schlegel diagrams

The truncated dodecahedron can also be represented as a spherical tiling, and projected onto the plane via a stereographic projection. This projection is conformal, preserving angles but not areas or lengths. Straight lines on the sphere are projected as circular arcs on the plane.

Schlegel diagrams are similar, with a perspective projection and straight edges.

Orthographic projection Stereographic projections
Uniform tiling 532-t01.png Truncated dodecahedron stereographic projection decagon.png
Decagon-centered
Truncated dodecahedron stereographic projection triangle.png
Triangle-centered
Truncated dodecahedron ortho-color.png Truncated dodecahedron schlegel.png Truncated dodecahedron schlegel-tricenter.png

Vertex arrangement

It shares its vertex arrangement with three nonconvex uniform polyhedra:

Truncated dodecahedron.png
Truncated dodecahedron
Great icosicosidodecahedron.png
Great icosicosidodecahedron
Great ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron.png
Great ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron
Great dodecicosahedron.png
Great dodecicosahedron

Related polyhedra and tilings

It is part of a truncation process between a dodecahedron and icosahedron:

This polyhedron is topologically related as a part of sequence of uniform truncated polyhedra with vertex configurations (3.2n.2n), and [n,3] Coxeter group symmetry.


Truncated dodecahedral graph

Truncated dodecahedral graph
Truncated dodecahedral graph.png
5-fold symmetry Schlegel diagram
Vertices60
Edges90
Automorphisms120
Chromatic number3
Chromatic index3
PropertiesCubic, Hamiltonian, regular, zero-symmetric
Table of graphs and parameters

In the mathematical field of graph theory, a truncated dodecahedral graph is the graph of vertices and edges of the truncated dodecahedron, one of the Archimedean solids. It has 60 vertices and 90 edges, and is a cubic Archimedean graph.[2]

Truncated Dodecahedral Graph.svg
Circular

Notes

  1. Weisstein, Eric W.. "Icosahedral group". http://mathworld.wolfram.com/IcosahedralGroup.html. 
  2. Read, R. C.; Wilson, R. J. (1998), An Atlas of Graphs, Oxford University Press, p. 269 

References

  • Williams, Robert (1979). The Geometrical Foundation of Natural Structure: A Source Book of Design. Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-486-23729-X.  (Section 3-9)
  • Cromwell, P. (1997). Polyhedra. United Kingdom: Cambridge. pp. 79–86 Archimedean solids. ISBN 0-521-55432-2. 

External links