Vanadium, 23 V Vanadium Pronunciation (və-NAY -dee-əm ) Appearance blue-silver-grey metal Standard atomic weight A r, std (V) 50.9415(1)[1] Vanadium in the periodic table
Atomic number (Z ) 23 Group group 5 Period period 4 Block d-block Element category d-block Electron configuration [Ar ] 3d3 4s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 11, 2 Physical properties Phase at STP solid Melting point 2183 K (1910 °C, 3470 °F) Boiling point 3680 K (3407 °C, 6165 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 6.11 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 5.5 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 21.5 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 444 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 24.89 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
2101
2289
2523
2814
3187
3679
Atomic properties Oxidation states −3, −1, 0, +1, +2 , +3 , +4 , +5 (an amphoteric oxide) Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.63 Ionization energies 1st: 650.9 kJ/mol 2nd: 1414 kJ/mol 3rd: 2830 kJ/mol (more ) Atomic radius empirical: 134 pm Covalent radius 153±8 pm Spectral lines of vanadiumOther properties Natural occurrence primordial Crystal structure body-centered cubic (bcc) Speed of sound thin rod 4560 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion 8.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) Thermal conductivity 30.7 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity 197 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic Magnetic susceptibility +255.0·10−6 cm3 /mol (298 K)[2] Young's modulus 128 GPa Shear modulus 47 GPa Bulk modulus 160 GPa Poisson ratio 0.37 Mohs hardness 6.7 Vickers hardness 628–640 MPa Brinell hardness 600–742 MPa CAS Number 7440-62-2 History Discovery Andrés Manuel del Río (1801) First isolation Nils Gabriel Sefström (1830) Named by Nils Gabriel Sefström (1830) Main isotopes of vanadium
Category: Vanadium view · talk · edit
| references
V
data m.p. cat
in
calc from C
diff
report
ref
C
1910
—
—
K
2183
2180
3
delta
F
3470
3470
0
max precision
0
WD
input
C: 1910, K: 2183, F: 3470
comment
V
data b.p. cat
in
calc from C
diff
report
ref
C
3407
—
—
K
3680
3680
0
F
6165
6165
0
max precision
0
WD
input
C: 3407, K: 3680, F: 6165
comment
References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al . (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi :10.1515/pac-2015-0305 .
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 .
Template:Documentation