Template:Infobox tungsten

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Tungsten, 74W
Wolfram evaporated crystals and 1cm3 cube.jpg
Tungsten
Pronunciation/ˈtʌŋstən/ ​(TUNG-stən)
Alternative namewolfram, pronounced: /ˈwʊlfrəm/ (WUUL-frəm)
Appearancegrayish white, lustrous
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(W)183.84(1)[1]
Tungsten in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Mo
↑
W
↓
Sg
tantalum ← tungsten → rhenium
Atomic number (Z)74
Groupgroup 6
Periodperiod 6
Block  d-block
Element category  d-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2[2]
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point3695 K ​(3422 °C, ​6192 °F)
Boiling point6203 K ​(5930 °C, ​10706 °F)
Density (near r.t.)19.3 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)17.6 g/cm3
Heat of fusion52.31 kJ/mol[3][4]
Heat of vaporization774 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.27 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 3477 3773 4137 4579 5127 5823
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.36
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 770 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1700 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius162±7 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of tungsten
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for tungsten
Speed of sound thin rod4620 m/s (at r.t.) (annealed)
Thermal expansion4.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity173 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity52.8 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[5]
Magnetic susceptibility+59.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[6]
Young's modulus411 GPa
Shear modulus161 GPa
Bulk modulus310 GPa
Poisson ratio0.28
Mohs hardness7.5
Vickers hardness3430–4600 MPa
Brinell hardness2000–4000 MPa
CAS Number7440-33-7
History
Discovery and first isolationJuan José Elhuyar and Fausto Elhuyar[7] (1783)
Named byTorbern Bergman (1781)
Main isotopes of tungsten
Iso­tope Abun­dance Physics:Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
180W 0.12% 1.8×1018 y α 176Hf
181W syn 121.2 d ε 181Ta
182W 26.50% stable
183W 14.31% stable
184W 30.64% stable
185W syn 75.1 d β− 185Re
186W 28.43% stable
Category Category: Tungsten
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W
data m.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 3422 — —
K 3695 3695 0
F 6192 6192 0
max precision 0
WD


input C: 3422, K: 3695, F: 6192
comment
W
data b.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 5930 — —
K 6203 6200 3 delta
F 10706 10710 -4 delta
max precision 0
WD


input C: 5930, K: 6203, F: 10706
comment
[
]  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Chemistry:Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Physics:Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03)
See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
  2. ↑ Berger, Dan. "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Bluffton College, USA. http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2000-02/951518136.Ch.r.html. 
  3. ↑ Lide, David R., ed (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 6-134. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0. 
  4. ↑ Tolias P. (2017). "Analytical expressions for thermophysical properties of solid and liquid tungsten relevant for fusion applications". Nuclear Materials and Energy 13: 42–57. doi:10.1016/j.nme.2017.08.002. Bibcode: 2017arXiv170306302T. 
  5. ↑ Lide, D. R., ed (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0486-6. https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf. 
  6. ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. p. E110. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4. 
  7. ↑ "Tungsten". Royal Society of Chemistry. https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/74/tungsten. 

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