Template:Infobox ruthenium

Ruthenium, ₄₄Ru

Ruthenium
Pronunciation	/ruːˈθiːniəm/ ​(roo-THEE-nee-əm)
Appearance	silvery white metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Ru)	101.07(2)
Ruthenium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Fe ↑ Ru ↓ Os technetium ← ruthenium → rhodium
Atomic number (Z)	44
Group	group 8
Period	period 5
Block	d-block
Element category	d-block
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	2607 K ​(2334 °C, ​4233 °F)
Boiling point	4423 K ​(4150 °C, ​7502 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	12.45 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	10.65 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	38.59 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	619 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.06 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2588 2811 3087 3424 3845 4388
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−4, −2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.2
Ionization energies	1st: 710.2 kJ/mol 2nd: 1620 kJ/mol 3rd: 2747 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius	146±7 pm
Spectral lines of ruthenium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	5970 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	6.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	117 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	71 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	+39·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	447 GPa
Shear modulus	173 GPa
Bulk modulus	220 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.30
Mohs hardness	6.5
Brinell hardness	2160 MPa
CAS Number	7440-18-8
History
Naming	after Ruthenia (Latin for: medieval Kyivska Rus' region)
Discovery and first isolation	Karl Ernst Claus (1844)
Main isotopes of ruthenium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Physics:Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 96Ru 5.54% stable 97Ru syn 2.9 d ε 97Tc γ – 98Ru 1.87% stable 99Ru 12.76% stable 100Ru 12.60% stable 101Ru 17.06% stable 102Ru 31.55% stable 103Ru syn 39.26 d β− 103Rh γ – 104Ru 18.62% stable 106Ru syn 373.59 d β− 106Rh

Ru data m.p. cat
	in	calc from C	diff	report	ref
C	2334	—	—
K	2607	2607	0
F	4233	4233	0
max precision	0
WD
input	C: 2334, K: 2607, F: 4233
comment

Ru data b.p. cat
	in	calc from C	diff	report	ref
C	4150	—	—
K	4423	4420	3
F	7502	7500	2
max precision	0
WD
input	C: 4150, K: 4423, F: 7502
comment

PTChemistry:ruthenium

Tc ← i'box Tc	iso44Ru  infobox  isobox	→ Rh i'box Rh
Commons  Wikidata:Q1086  Wiktionary Indexes in PT: § below · Page

[]  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Chemistry:Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Physics:Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03) See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

References

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