Template:Infobox niobium

Niobium, ₄₁Nb

Niobium
Pronunciation	/naɪˈoʊbiəm/ ​(ny-OH-bee-əm)
Appearance	gray metallic, bluish when oxidized
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Nb)	92.90637(1)
Niobium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson V ↑ Nb ↓ Ta zirconium ← niobium → molybdenum
Atomic number (Z)	41
Group	group 5
Period	period 5
Block	d-block
Element category	d-block
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 12, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	2750 K ​(2477 °C, ​4491 °F)
Boiling point	5017 K ​(4744 °C, ​8571 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	8.57 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	30 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	689.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.60 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2942 3207 3524 3910 4393 5013
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.6
Ionization energies	1st: 652.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1380 kJ/mol 3rd: 2416 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 146 pm
Covalent radius	164±6 pm
Spectral lines of niobium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	3480 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	7.3 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity	53.7 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	152 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	105 GPa
Shear modulus	38 GPa
Bulk modulus	170 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.40
Mohs hardness	6.0
Vickers hardness	870–1320 MPa
Brinell hardness	735–2450 MPa
CAS Number	7440-03-1
History
Naming	after Niobe in Greek mythology, daughter of Tantalus (tantalum)
Discovery	Charles Hatchett (1801)
First isolation	Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand (1864)
Recognized as a distinct element by	Heinrich Rose (1844)
Main isotopes of niobium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Physics:Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 90Nb syn 15 h β+ 90Zr 91Nb syn 680 y ε 91Zr 91mNb syn 61 d IT 91Nb 92Nb trace 3.47×107 y ε 92Zr γ – 92m1Nb syn 10 d ε 92Zr γ – 93Nb 100% stable 93mNb syn 16 y IT 93Nb 94Nb trace 20.3×103 y β− 94Mo γ – 95Nb syn 35 d β− 95Mo γ – 95mNb syn 4 d IT 95Nb 96Nb syn 24 h β− 96Mo

Nb data m.p. cat
	in	calc from C	diff	report	ref
C	2477	—	—
K	2750	2750	0
F	4491	4491	0
max precision	0
WD
input	C: 2477, K: 2750, F: 4491
comment

Nb data b.p. cat
	in	calc from C	diff	report	ref
C	4744	—	—
K	5017	5017	0
F	8571	8571	0
max precision	0
WD
input	C: 4744, K: 5017, F: 8571
comment

PTChemistry:niobium

Zr ← i'box Zr	iso41Nb  infobox  isobox	→ Mo i'box Mo
Commons  Wikidata:Q1046  Wiktionary Indexes in PT: § below · Page

[]  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Chemistry:Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Physics:Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03) See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

References

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