Bromine, 35Br |
Bromine |
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Pronunciation | (BROH-meen, -min, -myne) |
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Appearance | reddish-brown |
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Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Br) | [79.901, 79.907] conventional: 79.904 |
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Bromine in the periodic table |
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Atomic number (Z) | 35 |
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Group | group 17 (halogens) |
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Period | period 4 |
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Block | p-block |
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Element category | p-block |
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Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 7 |
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Physical properties |
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Phase at STP | liquid |
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Melting point | (Br2) 265.8 K (−7.2 °C, 19 °F) |
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Boiling point | (Br2) 332.0 K (58.8 °C, 137.8 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | Br2, liquid: 3.1028 g/cm3 |
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Triple point | 265.90 K, 5.8 kPa[1] |
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Critical point | 588 K, 10.34 MPa[1] |
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Heat of fusion | (Br2) 10.571 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | (Br2) 29.96 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | (Br2) 75.69 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
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1 k
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10 k
|
100 k
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at T (K)
|
185
|
201
|
220
|
244
|
276
|
332
|
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Atomic properties |
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Oxidation states | −1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.96 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 1139.9 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 2103 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 3470 kJ/mol
-
|
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Atomic radius | empirical: 120 pm |
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Covalent radius | 120±3 pm |
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Van der Waals radius | 185 pm |
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Spectral lines of bromine |
Other properties |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | orthorhombic |
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Speed of sound | 206 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 0.122 W/(m·K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 7.8×1010 Ω·m (at 20 °C) |
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Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[2] |
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Magnetic susceptibility | −56.4·10−6 cm3/mol[3] |
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CAS Number | 7726-95-6 |
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History |
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Discovery and first isolation | Antoine Jérôme Balard and Carl Jacob Löwig (1825) |
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Main isotopes of bromine |
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Category: Bromine view · talk · edit
| references |
Br data m.p. cat
|
|
in
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calc from C
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diff
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report
|
ref
|
C
|
−7.2
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—
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—
|
|
|
K
|
265.8
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265.9
|
-0.1
|
delta
|
|
F
|
19
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19.0
|
0
|
|
|
max precision
|
1
|
WD
|
|
|
|
|
input
|
C: −7.2, K: 265.8, F: 19
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comment
|
|
Br data b.p. cat
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|
in
|
calc from C
|
diff
|
report
|
ref
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C
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58.8
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—
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—
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|
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K
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332.0
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331.9
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0.1
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delta
|
|
F
|
137.8
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137.8
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0
|
|
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max precision
|
1
|
WD
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|
|
|
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input
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C: 58.8, K: 332.0, F: 137.8
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comment
|
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References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
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