Engineering:List of electric aircraft

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This is a list of electric aircraft, whose primary flight power is electrical.

! Type !! Country !! Class !! Power Source !! Role !! Date !! Status ! Notes |- | ΦNIX || Czech republic || Propeller || Battery || Two-seat airplane || 2018 || Project | Testing and preparing serial production.[1][2] |- | AC Propulsion SoLong || US || UAV || Solar || || 2005 || | First around-the-clock flight, at night using energy stored in batteries.[3][4] |- | Aerovironment Bionic Bat || US || Propeller || Hybrid || Experimental || 1984 || Prototype | [5] |- | AgustaWestland Project Zero || Italy || UAV || Cable || Experimental || 2011 || Prototype | First large-scale all-electric tilt-rotor.[6] |- | AirCar || US & TR || Propeller || Battery || Private || 2018 || Prototype |Electric flying car[7] |- | Air Energy AE-1 Silent || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || || 1998 || Production | |- | Airbus A³ Vahana ||US || Propeller || Battery ||Experimental|| 2018 || Prototype | [8] |- | Airbus E-Fan ||France || Propeller || Battery ||Trainer|| 2014 ||Cancelled | Co-developed with Aero Composite Saintonge.[9] |- | Eviation Alice || Israel || Propeller || Battery || Commercial || 2022 || Testing || 2 pilot + 9 passenger, 444 km/h cruise and 1,367 km range [10] |- | Alisport Silent Club || Italy || Motor glider || Battery || || || Production | First production electric aircraft.[11][citation needed] |- | APEV Pouchelec || France || Propeller || Battery || || 2009 || Prototype | Development of the Pouchel Light.[12][13] |- | APEV Demoichelle || France || || Battery || || 2010 || Prototype | Development of the Demoichelle.[14] The Demoichelle Flew in Le Bourget for the 2010 Paris electric aeroplanes airshow.[15] |- | AstroFlight Sunrise || US || UAV || Solar || Experimental || 1975 || Prototype | First solar-powered flight. The improved Sunrise II flew in 1975.[16][17][18] |- | Aura Aero ERA || France || Propeller || Hybrid || Airliner || 2021 || Project | [19] |- | Aura Aero Integral || France || Propeller || Battery || Trainer || 2021 || Project | [20] |- | Beta AVA || US || Propeller || Battery || Commercial || 2019 || Prototype | Testing and preparing serial production.[21] |- | Boeing Fuel Cell Demonstrator (FCD) || US || Motor glider || Fuel cell || Experimental || 2008 || Prototype | Modified Diamond HK-36 Super Dimona.[22][23] |- | Bye Aerospace Sun Flyer 2 || US ||Propeller||Battery|| Two-seat trainer || 2016 || Project | [24] |- | Bye Aerospace Sun Flyer 4 || US ||Propeller||Battery|| Four-seat touring aircraft || 2018 || Project | [25][26] |- | Cessna 172 electric || US || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2010 || Demonstrator only|| [27][28] On 19 October 2012 Beyond Aviation announced that it had flown an electric Cessna 172 Skyhawk.[29] |- | Cessna 208 eCaravan || US || Propeller || Battery || Utility|| 2020 || Prototype |Currently undergoing testing prior to certification.[30] |- | CityAirbus || Multinational || Propeller || Battery || Utility|| 2019 || Prototype | | |- | CityAirbus NextGen || Multinational || Propeller || Battery || Utility|| 2021 || Prototype | | |- | DigiSky SkySpark || || || Fuel cell || || || | Converted Alpi Pioneer 300.[31][32] |- | Dufour Aerospace aEro 1 || Switzerland || Propeller || Battery || Aerobatic || 2016 || Prototype | Converted Silence Twister.[33] |- | e-Genius || Germany || || Battery || Experimental || 2011 || Prototype | [34][35][36] |- | EADS Green Cri-Cri || || || Battery || Experimental || 2010 || Prototype | Converted Colomban Cri-cri.[37][38] |- | Electric Aircraft Corporation ElectraFlyer Trike || US || Motor glider || Battery || Private || 2007 || Production | Ultralight. First commercial offering of an electric aircraft.[39][40][citation needed] |- | Electric Aircraft Corporation ElectraFlyer-C || US || Motor glider || Battery || Private || 2008 || Production | Converted Monnett Moni motor glider.[41] |- | Electric Visionary Aircraft || France || Ducted fan || Battery || Private || 2017 || Prototype || two-seater vertical take-off and landing air taxi prototype[42][43] |- | Electravia E-Fenix || France || Motor glider || Battery || Private || 2001 || Prototype | [44] |- | Electravia ElectroLight2 || France || Motor glider || Battery || Private || 2001 || Production | [45][46] |- | Electravia BL1E Electra || France || Propeller || Battery || || 2007 || | [47][48] First registered aircraft in the world powered by electric engine and with batteries.[citation needed] |- | Electravia Electro Trike || France || Motor glider || Battery || || 2008 || | [49] |- | AutoGyro GmbH eCavalon || Germany || Rotorcraft || Battery || Experimental || 2013 || Prototype |- | ENFICA-FC || || Propeller || Fuel cell || Experimental || || Prototype | Converted Rapid 200FC.[50] |- | eUP Aviation Green1 || Canada || Motor glider || Battery || || 2012 || Production | [51] |- | Flightstar e-Spyder || || Propeller || Battery || || 2009 || | Converted Flightstar Sportstar Spyder. Also offered as the Greenwing GW280 and Yuneec eSpyder.[52] |- | MC15E Cri-Cri || || Propeller || Battery || || 2010 || | [53] |- | Icaro 2000 Trike || || Motor glider || Battery || Private || || Production | [54] |- | Joby Aviation S4 ||US || Propeller || Battery ||Experimental|| 2017 ||Prototype | [55] |- | La France || France || Airship || Battery || Experimental || 1884 || Prototype | [56] |- | LAK-17B FES Self-Launch (mini) || Lithuania || Glider || Battery || Commercial || 2020|| Production | Electric self-launching glider. Aircraft sold since 2016 under temporary Airworthiness Certification (and self-launching not allowed). Full certification obtained in December 2020. Self-launching is now possible, making it a full electric engine with lithium-battery powered aircraft.[57] |- | Lange Antares 20E || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || Experimental || 2003 || Production | [58][59] First electric aircraft to obtain a certificate of airworthiness.[citation needed] |- | Lange Antares 23E || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || Experimental || 2012 || Production |- | Lange LF 20 || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || Experimental || 1999 || Prototype | Modified DG800.[60] |- | Lilium Jet || Germany || Ducted fan || Battery || Private || 2017 || Prototype || two-seater (5 planned from 2025) vertical take-off and landing air taxi prototype[61][62] |- | Luxembourg Special Aerotechnics MC30E || || || Battery || Experimental || 2012 || Prototype | [63][64] |- | MacCready Gossamer Penguin || US || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1980 || Prototype | Flown for press demonstration at Muroc Dry Lake (NASA Dryden flight research center adjacent to Edwards Air Force base.)[65] |- | MacCready Solar Challenger || US || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1981 || Prototype | Flew 262 km (163 mi) from Paris to England.[66] |- | Matsushita / Tokyo Institute of Technology aircraft || Japan || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2006 || Prototype | Powered by 160 AA battery cells.[67] |- | Mauro Solar Riser || || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1979 || Prototype | First manned, solar-powered airplane. Based on the UFM Easy Riser. Solar cells charged battery for flight.[68] |- | Militky MB-E1 || West Germany || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 1973 || Prototype | First manned airplane to fly solely on electric power.[69] |- | MIT Monarch || US || Propeller || Hybrid || Experimental || || Prototype | Batteries charged by human power.[70] Followed by the MIT Monarch 2. |- | NASA Centurion || US || UAV || Solar || Experimental || || Prototype | |- | NASA Helios || US || UAV || Battery || Experimental || 1999 || Prototype | |- | NASA Pathfinder || US || UAV || Solar || Experimental || 1993 || Prototype | Developed by AeroVironment, Inc from the HALSOL prototype.[71][72] Pathfinder Plus had increased span. |- | NASA Puffin || US || Personal air vehicle || Battery || Experimental || 2010 || Project | [73] |- | NASA X-57 Maxwell || US || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2016 || Project | Modified Tecnam P2006T.[74][75] |- | New Concept Aircraft (Zhuhai) Green Pioneer Ι || China || || Solar || Experimental || 2002 || Prototype | [76][77] |- | Opener BlackFly || United States || Propeller || Battery || Production ultralight || 2011 || Under development | [78] |- | PC-Aero Elektra One || Germany || Propeller || Solar || || 2011 || Project | [79] |- | Petróczy-Kármán-Žurovec PKZ-1 || Hungary || Rotorcraft || Cable || Observation || 1917 || Prototype | Tethered to the ground. |- | Phoenix U-14 Electra || Czech republic || Propeller || Battery || Two-seat airplane || 2011 || Prototype | |- | Pipistrel Alpha Electro || Slovenia || Light Sport Aircraft || Battery || Experimental || 2011 || Production | Electric version of the Pipistrel Alpha Trainer. |- | Pipistrel Taurus Electro G2 || Slovenia || Motor glider || Battery || Private || 2011 || Production | |- | Pipistrel Taurus G4 || Slovenia || Motor glider || Battery || Experimental || 2011 || Prototype | Twin fuselage. The G4 won the NASA Green Flight Challenge in 2011.[80][81][82] |- | Pipistrel Velis Electro || Slovenia || Propeller || Battery || Trainer aircraft || 2020 || type certified | based on the Pipistrel Virus |- | Pipistrel WATTsUP || Slovenia || Proof-of-concept trainer || Battery || Experimental || 2014 || Prototype | Led to the Pipistrel Alpha Electro. |- | QinetiQ Zephyr || UK || UAV || Solar || Patrol || 2008 || Prototype | The 2010 redesign holds the UAV endurance record of over 2 weeks (336 hours).[83][84] |- | Rolls-Royce ACCEL || UK || Propeller || Battery || Racer || 2021 || One-off || |- | Schempp-Hirth Discus-2c FES || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || || 2015 || Production |- | Schempp-Hirth Ventus-2cxa FES || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || || 2014 || Production |- | Schempp-Hirth Arcus-E || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || || 2010 || Production | [85] |- | Siemens-FlyEco Magnus eFusion || Germany-Hungary || Propeller || Hybrid diesel-electric || || 2018 || Under development for production | [86] |- | Soaring || China || || Solar || || 1992 || | [87][88] |- | Solair 1 || || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1983 || | Developed from a Farner canard design.[89][90] The Solair II flew 1998.[90] |- | Solar Impulse || || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 2009 || Prototype | [91] |- | Solar Impulse 2 || || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 2015 || Prototype |First round-the-world trip by an electric aircraft.[citation needed] |- | Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments Solar One || UK || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1979 || Prototype | Solar cells charged battery for flight.[92][93][94] |- | SolarStratos || || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 2017 || Prototype |First flight in 2017.[citation needed] |- | Solution F/Chretien Helicopter || || Rotorcraft || Battery || Experimental || 2011 || Prototype | First free-flying manned electric helicopter.[95][96] |- | Sonex Electric Sport Aircraft || || Propeller || Battery || || 2010 || Production | [97][98] |- | SORA-e || Brazil || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2015 || Prototype | [99][100] |- | Stuttgart University Icaré II || Germany || || Solar || || 1996 || | [101] |- | Sunseeker I || US || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1990 || Prototype | [102] The Sunseeker II was built in 2002. |- | Sunseeker Duo|| US || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 2013 || Prototype | [103][104] |- | Tier1 electric Robinson R44 || US || Rotorcraft || Battery || Experimental || 2016 || Prototype | [105][106][107] |- | Tissandier || France || Airship || Battery || Experimental || 1883 || Prototype |- | Ultraflight Lazair Electric || || || Battery || Experimental || 2011 || Prototype | [108] |- | Volta Volare GT4 || || || Hybrid || || 2012 || Project | Diesel-electric hybrid.[109] |- | Yuneec International E430 || China || Propeller || Battery || Private || 2009 || Production | Homebuilt aircraft.[110][111] |- | smartflyer SFX1 || Switzerland || Propeller || Serial Hybrid || 4 seater, Proof of Concept || 2021 || Production | [112] |- |}

References

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  2. ↑ "Czech aircraft: 100 years at the forefront of history". ctk.cz. 2018-06-22. https://www.ceskenoviny.cz/.filedefault/1531648601_FINISH_Letci_AJ_NA769HLED.pdf. 
  3. ↑ Impulse, Solar. "Solar Impulse Foundation: 1000 profitable solutions for the environment". https://solarimpulse.com/. 
  4. ↑ Solar Plane Breaks Two-Night Flight Barrier Renewable Energy World, July 5, 2005
  5. ↑ Bionic Bat - Stored energy human powered aircraft M. Cowley, AeroVironment, Inc., Simi Valley, CA; W. Morgan, AeroVironment, Inc., Simi Valley, CA; P. MacCready, AeroVironment, Inc., Monrovia, CA Chapter DOI: 10.2514/6.1985-1447 Publication Date: 8 July 1985 - 11 July 1985
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  42. ↑ [1] 21 April 2017
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  56. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ADS1884
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  85. ↑ SHK. "World premiere! The ARCUS-E - the worlds first serial built two seat sailplane with Electric engine takes off with clean, CO2 free, energy.". schempp-hirth.com. http://www.schempp-hirth.com/index.php?id=126&L=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=373&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=87&cHash=8a5d51d766. 
  86. ↑ Baker, Jason (2 April 2018). "Aero: Siemens And FlyEco Show Off Hybrid". AVweb. https://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Aero-Siemens-and-FlyEco-Show-Off-Hybrid-230712-1.html. 
  87. ↑ People's Daily (Overseas Edition), Soarer Dr H.Y.L http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2007-04/06/content_12683008.htm
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  89. ↑ Noth, André (July 2008). "History of Solar Flight". Autonomous Systems Lab. Zürich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. p. 3. http://www.asl.ethz.ch/research/asl/skysailor/History_of_Solar_Flight.pdf. "Günter Rochelt was the designer and builder of Solair I, a 16 m wingspan solar airplane ... 21st of August 1983 he flew in Solair I, mostly on solar energy and also thermals, during 5 hours 41 minutes." 
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 Khammas, Achmed A. W. (2007). "Elektro- und Solarflugzeuge (1960 - 1996)" (in de). Buch der Synergie. http://www.buch-der-synergie.de/c_neu_html/c_11_15_mobile_anwendungen_elektroflugzeuge_1.htm. "exakt 2.499 Solarzellen ausgestattet, die eine Leistung von 2,2 kW" 
  91. ↑ "Record solar plane's first 'hop'". BBC News. 3 December 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8393688.stm. 
  92. ↑ AIAA/SAE/ASME 20th Joint Propulsion Conference (1984). "AIAA paper 84-1429". http://www.astroflight.com/pdfs/SolarHistory.pdf. 
  93. ↑ Solar Challenger (1980). "Solar Challenger". http://library.propdesigner.co.uk/solar_challenger.pdf. 
  94. ↑ Flightglobal Archive (1979). "UK's first solar aircraft takes off". http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1979/1979%20-%202438.html. 
  95. ↑ "Challenges of Aircraft Hybridization". IDTechEx. http://www.idtechex.com/events/presentations/challenges-of-aircraft-hybridization-003998.asp. 
  96. ↑ "Vertiflite, March/April 2012 - AHS Online Store". Vtol.org. https://vtol.org/store/product/vertiflite-marchapril-2012-6058.cfm. 
  97. ↑ Sonex Aircraft (July 2007). "Sonex Aircraft, LLC and AeroConversions Unveil E-Flight Initiative for Sport Aircraft Alternative Energy Research & Development". http://www.sonexaircraft.com/press/releases/pr_072407.html. 
  98. ↑ Pew, Glenn (December 2010). "Sonex Flies Electric Airplane". AvWeb. http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/sonex_waiex_electric_motor_aircraft_first_flight_203741-1.html. 
  99. ↑ "G1 - Avião elétrico brasileiro faz voo inaugural na Usina de Itaipu; vídeo - notícias em Oeste e Sudoeste". Oeste e Sudoeste. 23 June 2015. http://g1.globo.com/pr/oeste-sudoeste/noticia/2015/06/aviao-eletrico-brasileiro-faz-voo-inaugural-na-usina-de-itaipu-video.html. 
  100. ↑ SORA-e: A carbon fiber-made electric powered aircraft, The Economic Times (India) (retrieved 18 May 2016)
  101. ↑ Institut für Flugzeugbau (November 2009). "Icaré this year was in top form.". http://www.ifb.uni-stuttgart.de/en/forschung/flugzeugentwurf/icare. 
  102. ↑ Moore, Bill (June 2004). "Sunseeker Seeks New Records". http://www.evworld.com/article.cfm?storyid=709. 
  103. ↑ "Electric Airplane Makes Major Advancements". 22 April 2014. http://www.flyingmag.com/aircraft/lsasport/electric-airplane-makes-major-advancements. 
  104. ↑ "first two seat solar powered aircraft". http://www.solar-flight.com/projects/sunseeker-duo/. 
  105. ↑ Grady, Mary (October 17, 2016). "First Flight For Battery-Powered Helicopter". AVweb.com. http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/First-Flight-For-Battery-Powered-Helicopter-227134-1.html. 
  106. ↑ Bradley Zint (October 7, 2016). "Costa Mesa firm tests first manned battery-powered chopper". LA Times. http://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/news/tn-dpt-me-tier-one-helicopter-20161007-story.html. 
  107. ↑ "Watch the World's First Manned Battery-Powered Helicopter Fly". Fortune. October 31, 2016. http://fortune.com/2016/10/31/electric-helicopter-test-flight/. 
  108. ↑ Sigler, Dean: Dale Kramer and his electric Lazair, Kitplanes, Volume 28, Number 12, December 2011, pages 31-35. Belvoir Publications. ISSN 0891-1851
  109. ↑ Fletcher, Seth (2012-04-30). "Inside The First Production-Ready Electric Airplane". Popular Science. http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2012-04/inside-first-production-ready-electric-airplane. 
  110. ↑ Grady, Mary (June 2009). "Electric Aviation Moves Forward". http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/ElectricAviationMovesForward_200609-1.html. 
  111. ↑ Grady, Mary (July 2009). "Electric Flight Update: Flightstar Ultralight First Flight, Yuneec Starts U.S. Flight Testing". http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/FlightstarUltralightFirstFlightYuneecStartsUSFlightTesting_200774-1.html. 
  112. ↑ "DUBAI: Switzerland's Smartflyer seeks funding for hybrid-electric SFX1". https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/dubai-switzerlands-smartflyer-seeks-funding-for-hy-462363/. 




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