Chemistry:Tricyclic

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Short description: Organic compound having 3 fused rings

Tricyclics are cyclic chemical compounds that contain three fused rings of atoms.

Many compounds have a tricyclic structure, but in pharmacology, the term has traditionally been reserved to describe heterocyclic drugs. They include antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and antihistamines (as antiallergens, anti-motion sickness drugs, antipruritics, and hypnotics/sedatives) of the dibenzazepine, dibenzocycloheptene, dibenzothiazepine, dibenzothiepin, phenothiazine, and thioxanthene chemical classes, and others.

History

  • Promethazine and other first generation antihistamines with a tricyclic structure were discovered in the 1940s.
  • Chlorpromazine, derived from promethazine originally as a sedative, was found to have neuroleptic properties in the early 1950s, and was the first typical antipsychotic.
  • Imipramine, originally investigated as an antipsychotic, was discovered in the early 1950s, and was the first tricyclic antidepressant.
  • Carbamazepine was discovered in 1953, and was subsequently introduced as an anticonvulsant in 1965.
  • Clozapine, a derivative of imipramine, was synthesized in 1958 and entered the European market in 1972 under the name Leponex.
  • Antidepressants with a tetracyclic structure such as mianserin and maprotiline were first developed in the 1970s as tetracyclic antidepressants.
  • Loratadine was introduced as a non-sedating second generation antihistamine in the 1990s.[1]

Gallery

Antidepressants
Imipramine.svg

Imipramine

Amitriptyline.svg

Amitriptyline

Iprindole.svg

Iprindole

Tianeptine.svg

Tianeptine

Doxepin.svg

Doxepin

Antipsychotics
Chlorpromazin.svg

Chlorpromazine

Thioridazine.svg

Thioridazine

Chlorprothixene structure.svg

Chlorprothixene

Loxapine.svg

Loxapine

Clozapine.svg

Clozapine

Antihistamines
Promethazine.svg

Promethazine

Cyproheptadine.svg

Cyproheptadine

Dimebolin.svg

Latrepirdine

Loratadine.svg

Loratadine

Rupatadine.svg

Rupatadine

Others
Carbamazepine.svg

Carbamazepine

Carvedilol.svg

Carvedilol

Cyclobenzaprine.svg

Cyclobenzaprine

Pizotifen.svg

Pizotifen

See also

References

  1. Kay, G. G.; Harris, A. G. (1999). "Loratadine: a non-sedating antihistamine. Review of its effects on cognition, psychomotor performance, mood and sedation". Clinical and Experimental Allergy 29 Suppl 3: 147–150. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.0290s3147.x. PMID 10444229.