| Rules |
- Allen's rule Shorter appendages in colder climates
- Bateson's rule Extra limbs mirror their neighbours
- Bergmann's rule Larger bodies in colder climates
- Cope's rule Bodies get larger over time
- Deep-sea gigantism Larger bodies in deep-sea animals
- Dollo's law Loss of complex traits is irreversible
- Eichler's rule Parasites co-vary with their hosts
- Emery's rule Insect social parasites are often in same genus as their hosts
- Fahrenholz's rule Host and parasite phylogenies become congruent
- Foster's rule (Insular gigantism, Insular dwarfism) Small species get larger, large species smaller, after colonizing islands
- Gause's law Complete competitors cannot coexist
- Gloger's rule Lighter coloration in colder, drier climates
- Haldane's rule Hybrid sexes that are absent, rare, or sterile, are heterogamic
- Harrison's rule Parasites co-vary in size with their hosts
- Hamilton's rule Genes increase in frequency when relatedness of recipient to actor times benefit to recipient exceeds reproductive cost to actor
- Hennig's progression rule In cladistics, the most primitive species are found in earliest, central, part of group's area
- Jarman-Bell principle The correlation between the size of an animal and its diet quality; larger animals can consume lower quality diet
- Jordan's rule Inverse relationship between water temperature and no. of fin rays, vertebrae
- Lack's principle Birds lay only as many eggs as they can provide food for
- Rapoport's rule Latitudinal range increases with latitude
- Rensch's rule Sexual size dimorphism increases with size when males are larger, decreases with size when females are larger
- Rosa's rule Groups evolve from character variation in primitive species to a fixed character state in advanced ones
- Schmalhausen's law A population at limit of tolerance in one aspect is vulnerable to small differences in any other aspect
- Thorson's rule No. of eggs of benthic marine invertebrates decreases with latitude
- Van Valen's law Probability of extinction of a group is constant over time
- von Baer's laws Embryos start from a common form and develop into increasingly specialised forms
- Williston's law Parts in an organism become reduced in number and specialized in function
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