Earth:Röddinge Formation

From HandWiki
Röddinge Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Sinemurian-Late Toarcian
~195–175 Ma
TypeFormation
Unit ofVomb Trough
Underlies
  • Mariedal Formation
  • Annero Formation
OverliesUnknown Hettangian deposits
ThicknessUp to 300 m (980 ft)
Lithology
PrimaryLimonite and Chamosite-cemented Quartz arenites containing abundant chamosite ooids.
OtherBerthierine, Siderite and Iron ooids.
Location
RegionEast Skåne County
Country Sweden
Type section
Named forRöddinge
Röddinge Formation is located in Sweden
Röddinge Formation
Röddinge Formation (Sweden)

The Röddinge Formation is a geologic formation in Skåne County, southern Sweden. It is Early Jurassic (Sinemurian-Toarcian) in age.[1] It is a unit with a limited degree of exposure, being identified mostly by its deposits on the Fyledalen Fault Zone, specially on Kurremölla, where is present the main fossil deposit.[2] It is a unit known mostly for large museum collections and estimated to have a thickness of several hundreds of meters.[3] It is also known for its large iron deposits.[2] It is correlated with the mostly marine Rya Formation of western Skåne County, the Volcanic deposits of the Djupadal Formation and specially the Sorthat Formation of Bornholm.[4][5] Most likely, the coarse-grained nature of the Röddinge Formation is linked to rapid erosion of a tectonically active hinterland.[6]

Lithology

A profile up to 300 m thick was described in 1968 from the Eriksdal-Kurremölla area, dated Pliensbachian-Toarcian.[7] The Pliensbachian levels where dominated by sands and sandstones of marine origin, hosting a highly fossiliferous bed containing a rich mollusc fauna.[7] A Sinemurian layer assigned to the formation was also found on other works.[3] The Röddinge formation has a great abundance of Limonite and Chamosite quartz arenites, fine-to medium-grained, with subordinate thin conglomerates.[1] Sediments related to the unit are found consolidated by Berthierine or Siderite cement, with berthierine oolites being common on the layers.[1] These ooids are rather small on most of the successions, around 0.3 mm in diameter and ellipsoidal in shape, having cores composed by detrital quartz or heavy minerals.[1] The deposits of the formation evidence strong degradation by modern weathering and have a red, brown or yellow stain (iron hydroxides).[1] The deposits not affected by erosion are known from boreholes and host greyish dark green facies due to the content of berthierine and siderite.[1] The iron contents differ based on the weathering grade of the layers: on weathered sandstones is about 8–10%, then is in up to 20% in the oolites, and finally at the major fossiliferous deposit on Kurremölla a 1.7 m thick oolite bed has an iron content of up to 35%.[1] Owing to this high content in iron, the Kurremölla locality was mined from 1930 to 1937, although there was not enough iron supply and enrichments were too dispersed in the source rock, which led to it not being economically viable to maintain the mining process for very long.[8][9] The presence of mostly poor exposures has made mostly impossible to do detailed facies analysis, although it is suggested that the sediments come from prolonged reworking.[1]

Fossils

The Röddinge formation is considered mostly a coeval developing unit with the Jurassic formations of Bornholm, as both where connected as part of the Fennoscandian mainland.[5] The unit is considered to be part of the fluvial to deltaic system found also or Bornholm.[5] However, as happened on the Hasle Formation, the Röddinge formation hosted a major marine ingression at least on the Lower-Middle Pliensbachian (jamesoni subzone), with both sharing the Ammonite fauna and the ecosystems.[10] The main fossiliferous content of the formation comes from marine influence, clearly indicated by finds of ammonites and crinoids.[8] After this event, in the Toarcian the formation developed along the Sorthat Formation, forming both part of the large deltaic system that ended on northern Germany .[11] There is also suggestions that towards the west a lake system was developed, covering the marine basin after the local Late Pliensbachian-Lower Toarcian regression.[2] This lake system is evidenced on several boreholes, and was probably developed on the western lateral of the major fluvial system recorded locally and on Bornholm.[2] Like the Sorthat Formation, this upper unit also hosts possible coal beds.[2] Both, the lake and the fluvial system layers host iron ooids that indicate diagenetic precipitation, prior to and during sediment compaction.[1] This is also found on the Rydebäck and Katslösa Members of the Rya Formation, and has been suggested that the volcanic activity developed on the coeval Djupadal Formation may have stimulated the process.[1]

Annelida

Genus Species Location Level Environment Material Notes References Images

Serpula

  • Serpula terquemi
  • Kurremölla

Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian

High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression

Trace fossils; polychaete encrusters in rock

A sessile, marine annelid tube worm of the family Serpulidae. The holotype of this species was found on this layers, is also recovered on coeval strata of the Rya Formation.

[12][13]

Head of a modern Serpula vermicularis

Echinodermata

Genus Species Location Level Environment Material Notes References Images

Pentacrinites

  • Pentacrinites subteroides
  • Pentacrinites patulus
  • Pentacrinites cf. basaltiformis
  • Pentacrinites cf. subteroides
  • Pentacrinites sp.
  • Kurremölla

Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian

High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression

Columnals

A Crinoid, type member of the family Pentacrinitidae inside Isocrinida. A great amount of specimens are known from the layers, showing mostly of them signs of being washed by marine currents.

[12][13]

Reconstructed specimens

Bivalves

Genus Species Location Level Environment Material Notes References Images

Palaeoneilo

  • Palaeoneilo bornholmiensis
  • Kurremölla
  • Kullemölla

Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian

High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression

Shells

A marine clam, incertae sedis inside Nuculanida. This species is known from Kurremölla and Kullemölla as well as on the Hasle Formation of the island of Bornholm, correlating both coeval deposits.

[12][13]

Rollieria

  • Rollieria bronni
  • Kurremölla

Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian

High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression

Shells

A marine clam, incertae sedis inside Nuculanida. A lower jurassic genus pretty abundant on Kurremölla, more than on any other deposit on Skane.

[12][13]

Trigonia

  • Trigonia primaeva
  • Kurremölla
  • Rödmölla

Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian

Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings

Shells

A marine clam, type member of the family Trigoniidae inside Trigoniida. Was first identified from Kurremölla but named from coeval specimens found on the Rya Formation.

[12][13]

Astarte

  • Astarte angelini
  • Astarte fructuum
  • Astarte deltoidea
  • Astarte erdmanni
  • Kurremölla
  • Rödmölla

Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian

Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings

Shells

A marine clam, type member of the family Astartidae inside Carditida. The holotype of A. angelini and A. deltoidea was identified on Kurremölla.

[12][13]

Tancredia

  • Tancredia lineata
  • Kurremölla
  • Rödmölla

Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian

High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression

Shells

A marine clam, type member of the family Tancrediidae inside Carditida.

[12][13]

Sphaeriola

  • Sphaeriola kurremolinae
  • Kurremölla

Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian

High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression

Shells

A marine clam, member of the family Lucinidae inside Lucinida. As the species name suggest, was found first on Kurremölla

[12][13]

Homomya

  • Homomya librata
  • Kurremölla

Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian

High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression

Shells

A marine clam, member of the family Pholadomyidae inside Pholadomyida.

[12][13]

Grammatodon

  • Grammatodon cypriniformis
  • Kurremölla

Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian

Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings

Shells

A marine clam, member of the family Parallelodontidae inside Arcida.

[12][13]

Tutcheria

  • Tutcheria cingulata
  • Kurremölla

Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian

Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings

Shells

A marine clam, member of the family Carditidae inside Carditida. Mistake as Cardium sp., is the most abundant genus on the layer of the same name.

[12][13]

Terquemia

  • Terquemia arietis
  • Kurremölla

Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian

Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings

Shells

A marine scallop, member of the family Prospondylidea inside Pterioida.

[12][13]

Oxytoma

  • Oxytoma inaequivalvis
  • Kurremölla
  • Kullemölla

Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian

High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression

Shells

A marine scallop, type member of the family Oxytomidae inside Pectinida.

[12][13]

Entolium

  • Entolium lundgreni
  • Kurremölla
  • Rödmölla

Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian

Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings

Shells

A marine scallop, type member of the family Entoliidae inside Pectinida.

[12][13]

Pseudomonotis

  • Pseudomonotis oblonga
  • Rödmölla

Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian

Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings

Shells

A marine scallop, type member of the family Pseudomonotidae inside Pectinida.

[12][13]

Avicula

  • Avicula lecta
  • Avicula anserina
  • Rödmölla

Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian

Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings

Shells

A marine pearl oyster, member of the family Pteriidae inside Ostreida.

[12][13]

Gastropoda

Genus Species Location Level Environment Material Notes References Images

Turbo

  • Turbo solarium
  • Kurremölla
  • Kullemölla
  • Rödmölla

Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian

High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression

Shells

A marine Snail, type member of the family Turbinidae inside Turbinoidea.

[12][13]

Turbo petholatus Voavah.JPG

Cephalopoda

Genus Species Location Level Environment Material Notes References Images

Uptonia

  • Uptonia jamesoni
  • Uptonia angusta
  • Uptonia sp. juv
  • Kurremölla
  • Kullemölla
  • Rödmölla

Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian

High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression

Shells

An ammonite, member of the family Polymorphitidae inside Ammonitida. The main indicator of a coeval sea ingression.

[3][12][13]

Uptonia jamesoni ESV.jpg

Polymorphites

  • Polymorphites sp. indet.
  • Kurremölla
  • Kullemölla
  • Rödmölla

Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian

High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression

Shells

An ammonite, type member of the family Polymorphitidae inside Ammonitida.

[3][12]

Pseudohastites

  • Pseudohastites charmouthensis
  • Kurremölla

Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian

High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression

Shells

A belemnite, member of the family Passaloteuthididae inside Belemnitida.

[12][13]

Chondrichthyes

Genus Species Location Level Environment Material Notes References Images

Acrodus

  • Acrodus nobilis
  • Kurremölla
  • Rödmölla

Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian

High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression

Teeth

A marine/brackish shark, type member of the family Acrodontidae inside Hybodontiformes. Indicator of marine conditions locally

[3][12][13]

Acrodus 1.JPG

See also


References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Ahlberg, Anders; Ulf Sivhed, and Mikael Erlström. 2003. The Jurassic of Skåne, southern Sweden. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 1. 527–541.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Norling, E., Ahlberg, A., Erlström, M. & Sivhed, U. 1993: Guide to the Upper Triassic and Jurassic geology of Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie Ca 82, 71 pp.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Reyment, R. A. (1959). "On liassic ammonites from Skåne, southern Sweden". Almqvist & Wiksell 1 (5): 105. http://mmtk.ginras.ru/pdf/reyment,1959_lias_ammonites_sweden_.pdf. Retrieved 13 July 2021. 
  4. Vajda, V.; Wigforss-Lange, J. (2009). "Onshore Jurassic of Scandinavia and related areas". GFF 131 (2): 5–23. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249070320. Retrieved 14 January 2022. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Michelsen, O.; Nielsen, L. H.; Johannessen, P. N.; Andsbjerg, J.; Surlyk, F. (2003). "Jurassic lithostratigraphy and stratigraphic development onshore and offshore Denmark". Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 1 (1): 145–216. doi:10.34194/geusb.v1.4651. 
  6. Grigelis, A.; Norling, E. (1999). "Jurassic geology and foraminiferal faunas in the NW part of the East European Plalform: a Lithuanian-Swedish geotraverse study". Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning 89 (2): 1–108. https://resource.sgu.se/dokument/publikation/ca/ca89rapport/ca89-rapport.pdf. Retrieved 15 January 2022. 
  7. 7.0 7.1 Tralau, Hans (1968). Botanical investigations in the Fossil Flora of Eriksdal in Fyledalen, Scania. Stockholm: Sver. geol. unders. pp. 185. 
  8. 8.0 8.1 Hadding, A. (1933). Den järnmalmsförande lagerserien i sydöstra Skåne. Stockholm: Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie. pp. 39. 
  9. Erlström, M. (2020). "Chapter 24 Carboniferous–Neogene tectonic evolution of the Fennoscandian transition zone, southern Sweden". Geological Society, London, Memoirs 50 (1): 603–620. doi:10.1144/m50-2016-25. https://mem.lyellcollection.org/content/50/1/603. Retrieved 14 January 2022. 
  10. Barth, G.; Pieńkowski, G.; Zimmermann, J.; Franz, M.; Kuhlmann, G. (2018). "Palaeogeographical evolution of the Lower Jurassic: high-resolution biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy in the Central European Basin". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 469 (1): 341–369. doi:10.1144/SP469.8. Bibcode2018GSLSP.469..341B. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322268601. Retrieved 8 September 2021. 
  11. Sachs, S.; Hornung, J. J.; Lierl, H. J; Kear, B. P. (2016). "Plesiosaurian fossils from Baltic glacial erratics: evidence of Early Jurassic marine amniotes from the southwestern margin of Fennoscandia". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 434 (1): 149–163. doi:10.1144/SP434.14. Bibcode2016GSLSP.434..149S. 
  12. 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 12.20 Moberg, J.C. (1888). Om Lias i sydöstra Skåne. Stockholm: Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie. pp. 86. 
  13. 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.17 13.18 13.19 Troedsson, Gustaf (1951). On the Höganäs series of Sweden (RhaetoLias) (1 ed.). Sweden: CWK Gleerup. p. 119. https://paleoarchive.com/literature/Troedsson1951-HoganasSeriesSweden.pdf. Retrieved 19 January 2021.