Chemistry:Amarantite

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Amarantite
Amarantite - Javir-e-Sagand, Yazd Province, Iran.jpg
General
CategorySulfate minerals
Formula
(repeating unit)
Fe3+2O(SO4)2·7H2O
Strunz classification7.DB.30
Crystal systemTriclinic
Crystal classPinacoidal (1)
(same H-M symbol)
Space groupP1
Unit cella = 8.9, b = 11.56
c = 6.64 [Å]; α = 95.55°
β = 90.52°, γ = 97.42°; Z = 2
Identification
ColorAmaranth-red to brownish red, orange-red
Crystal habitAs radiating or matted aggregates of needles; may be columnar or bladed
CleavagePerfect on {010} and {100}
TenacityBrittle
Mohs scale hardness2 12
|re|er}}Vitreous
StreakLemon-yellow
DiaphaneityTransparent
Specific gravity2.189–2.286
Optical propertiesBiaxial (−)
Refractive indexnα = 1.516 nβ = 1.598 nγ = 1.621
Birefringenceδ = 0.105
PleochroismX = colorless; Y = pale yellow; Z = reddish brown
2V angleMeasured: 30°
References[1][2][3]

Amarantite is an amaranth-red to brownish mineral with the general formula of Fe3+2O(SO4)2·7H2O[1][2] or Fe3+SO4(OH)·3H2O.[3]

The name comes from the Greek word αμάραντος which means amaranth, an imaginary undying red flower, in allusion to its color.[3]

Amarantite is triclinic, which means crystallographically, it has only one symmetry fold. It must be rotated 360 degrees to be exactly the same. Due to it being triclinic it falls into the biaxial optical class, the axis degrees do not equal 90 degrees and the sides of each axis are not the same length.[5] Amarantite is anisotropic,[2] which means, the velocity of light varies with crystallographic direction, and there is more than one refractive index.[6]

Amarantite is a very rare mineral and can only be found in a couple of places such as Carocoles, Chile. Although it is a source of iron, there is not enough amarantite to be mined for iron. However, when found in crystal form its red orange color gives it value as a collectors item.[5]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Amarantite in the Handbook of Mineralogy
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Amarantite on Mindat.org
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Amarantite data on Webmineral
  4. Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine 85 (3): 291–320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. Bibcode2021MinM...85..291W. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 Alpers, C.N., Jember, J.L. and, Nordstrom, D.K.(2000) Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (volume 40) Sulfate Minerals: Crystallography, Geochemisrty, and Environmental Significance
  6. Klein, C. and C. S. Hurlbut, Jr. (1985) Manual of Mineralogy, Wiley, 20th ed., p. 236 ISBN:0-471-80580-7
  • Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 611-613.