Biology:Cambrorhytium

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Short description: Extinct genus of marine invertebrates

Cambrorhytium
Temporal range: Chengjiang - Burgess Shale
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Staurozoa
Order: †Conulatae
Clade: †Conulariida
Genus: †Cambrorhytium
(Walcott 1908) Conway Morris and Robison, 1988[1]
Species
  • Chang et al. 2018
  • Walcott 1908 (type) C. fragilis
  • C. elongatum Walcott 1911
  • C. gracilis C. major

Cambrorhytium is an enigmatic fossil genus known from the Latham Shale (California),[2] and the Chengjiang (China) and Burgess Shale (Canadian rockies) lagerstätte.[3] 350 specimens of Cambrorhytium are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 0.7% of the community.[4]

Etymology

Its name is from the Latin rhytium, drinking horn.[1]

Description

The fossil is conical, with iterated linear markings on its walls, parallel to its base. Its wall is thin, and it lacks the keel that is distinctive of hyoliths.[2]

It has been interpreted as a cnidarian polyp, with the interpretation suggesting that the animal lived in the tube and extended tentacles (of which no trace has been found) from the flat aperture.[5] This is supported by similarities to Palaeoconotuba.[6] The other possible, but probably unlikely, affinity is with the hyolith molluscs.[2]

Its similarity with the Lower Cambrian species Torellelloides giganteum may indicate a close relationship.[1] Cambrorhytium has also been compared to the fossil Archotuba[5] and Sphenothallus.[7]

C. elongatum has been described to contain an alimentary canal in a single Chinese specimen.[8]

Taxonomy

C. major was originally described as a member of the hyolith genus Orthotheca.[9]

C. fragilis was originally included by Charles D. Walcott in the genus Selkirkia,[10][11] – a taxonomy that was retained by later workers[12][13] until finally questioned[14] and redescribed[1] as Cambrorhytium in the eighties.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Conway Morris, Simon; Robison, R.A. (1988). "More soft-bodied animals and algae from the Middle Cambrian of Utah and British Columbia.". University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions 122: 1–48. https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/bitstream/1808/3691/3/paleo.paper.122op.pdf. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Waggoner, Ben; Hagadorn, James W. (2005). "Conical fossils from the Lower Cambrian of Eastern California". PaleoBios 25 (1). 
  3. ↑ Zhang, X. L.; Hua, H. (2005). "Soft-bodied fossils from the Shipai Formation, Lower Cambrian of the Three Gorge area, South China". Geological Magazine 142 (6): 699. doi:10.1017/S0016756805000518. Bibcode: 2005GeoM..142..699Z. 
  4. ↑ Caron, Jean-Bernard; Jackson, Donald A. (October 2006). "Taphonomy of the Greater Phyllopod Bed community, Burgess Shale". PALAIOS 21 (5): 451–65. doi:10.2110/palo.2003.P05-070R. Bibcode: 2006Palai..21..451C. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Han, J.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, J.; Shu, D. (2007). "Evidence of Priapulid Scavenging from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Deposits, Southern China". PALAIOS (Society for Sedimentary Geology) 22 (6): 691–694. doi:10.2110/palo.2006.p06-117r. ISSN 0883-1351. Bibcode: 2007Palai..22..691H. http://intl-palaios.geoscienceworld.org/content/22/6/691.full. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  6. ↑ Qu, Hanzhi; Li, Kexin; Ou, Qiang (2023). "Thecate stem medusozoans (Cnidaria) from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota". Palaeontology 66: 12636. doi:10.1111/pala.12636. Bibcode: 2023Palgy..6612636Q. 
  7. ↑ Van Iten, H.; Zhu, M. Y.; Collins, D. (2002). "First Report of Sphenothallus Hall, 1847 in the Middle Cambrian". Journal of Paleontology 76 (5): 902–905. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0902:FROSHI>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0022-3360. 
  8. ↑ Steiner, M.; Zhu, M.; Zhao, Y.; Erdtmann, B. (2005). "Lower Cambrian Burgess Shale-type fossil associations of South China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 220 (1–2): 129–152. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2003.06.001. Bibcode: 2005PPP...220..129S. 
  9. ↑ Walcott, C. D. (1908). "Mount Stephen rocks and fossils". Canadian Alpine Journal 1: 232–248. 
  10. ↑ Walcott, C.D. (1911). "Cambrian Geology and Paleontology II, no. 5. Middle Cambrian annelids". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 57: 109–144. 
  11. ↑ Walcott, C.D. (1912). "Cambrian of the Kicking Horse Valley, B.C.". Geological Survey of Canada Report 26: 188. 
  12. ↑ Howell, B. F.; Stubblefield, C. J. (2009). "A Revision of the Fauna of the North Welsh Conocoryphe viola Beds implying a Lower Cambrian Age". Geological Magazine 87: 1–16. doi:10.1017/S0016756800075506. 
  13. ↑ Conway Morris, S (1977). "Fossil priapulid worms". Special Papers in Palaeontology 20: 1–95. 
  14. ↑ Briggs, D.E.G.; S. Conway Morris (1986). "Problematica from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia.". Problematic Fossil Taxa. New York: Oxford University Press. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q5025675 entry




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