Biology:AMELX

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Short description: Protein-coding gene in humans


A representation of the 3D structure of the protein myoglobin showing turquoise α-helices.
Generic protein structure example

Amelogenin, X isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMELX gene.[1] AMELX is located on the X chromosome and encodes a set of isoforms of amelogenin by alternative splicing.[2][3] Amelogenin is an extracellular matrix protein involved in the process of amelogenesis, the formation of enamel on teeth.

Function

AMELX is involved in biomineralization during tooth enamel development.[4] The AMELX gene encodes for the structural modeling protein, amelogenin, which works with other amelogenesis-related proteins to direct the mineralisation of enamel. This process involves the organization of enamel rods, the basic unit of tooth enamel, as well as the inclusion and growth of hydroxyapatite crystals.

Clinical significance

Mutations in AMELX result in amelogenesis imperfecta.[5] It has been shown that mice with a knocked-out AMELX gene will present disorganized and hypoplastic enamel.[6]

See also

References

  1. "Entrez Gene: amelogenin (amelogenesis imperfecta 1". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=265. 
  2. "AceView: Gene:AMELX, a comprehensive annotation of human, mouse and worm genes with mRNAs or ESTsAceView". National Center for Biotechnology Information, United States National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/IEB/Research/Acembly/av.cgi?db=human&l=AMELX. 
  3. "The human enamel protein gene amelogenin is expressed from both the X and the Y chromosomes". American Journal of Human Genetics 50 (2): 303–16. Feb 1992. PMID 1734713. 
  4. "Amelogenin-deficient mice display an amelogenesis imperfecta phenotype". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 (34): 31871–5. Aug 2001. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104624200. PMID 11406633. 
  5. "The molecular etiologies and associated phenotypes of amelogenesis imperfecta". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 140 (23): 2547–55. Dec 2006. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31358. PMID 16838342. 
  6. "Partial rescue of the amelogenin null dental enamel phenotype". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 283 (22): 15056–15062. May 2008. doi:10.1074/jbc.M707992200. PMID 18390542. 

External links

Further reading