Software:K-Meleon

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Short description: Lightweight web browser for Microsoft Windows
K-Meleon
Browser logo
K-Meleon 76.5.G on Windows 10.png
K-Meleon 76 on Windows 10
Developer(s)Christophe Thibault, Sebastian Spaeth, Brian Harris, Jeff Doozan, Mark Liffiton, Rob Johnson, Ulf Erikson, Jordan Callicoat, Dorian Boissonnade, Roy Tam, et al.[1][2]
Initial releaseAugust 21, 2000; 23 years ago (2000-08-21)
Stable release76.4.6 (Build 20220319) (March 19, 2022; 2 years ago (2022-03-19)[3]) [±]
EnginesGecko, Goanna layout engine
Operating systemMicrosoft Windows
Standard(s)HTML5, CSS3, Atom
Available in7 languages
TypeWeb browser
LicenseGPL
Website{{{1}}}

K-Meleon is a free and open-source, lightweight web browser for Microsoft Windows. It uses the native Windows API to create its user interface. Early versions of K-Meleon rendered web pages with Gecko, Mozilla's browser layout engine, which Mozilla's browser Firefox and its email client Thunderbird also use. K-Meleon became a popular Windows browser and was available as an optional default browser in Europe via BrowserChoice.eu. K-Meleon continued to use Gecko for several years after Mozilla deprecated embedding it. Current versions of K-Meleon use the Goanna layout engine, a fork of Gecko created for the browser Pale Moon.

K-Meleon began with the goal of being faster and lighter than Mozilla's original internet suite. Until 2011, K-Meleon embedded Gecko in a stripped-down interface. Throughout its lifespan, K-Meleon has required small amounts of random-access memory (RAM). K-Meleon 76 supports discontinued versions of Windows such as Windows XP and Windows Vista. Mozilla no longer supports these platforms after their Firefox Quantum rewrite.

Customization is another primary design goal. Users can change the toolbars, menus, and keyboard shortcuts from text-based configuration files. K-Meleon supports macros, which are small browser extensions that users can examine, write, or edit in a text editor. K-Meleon's custom configuration files can trigger macros. Reviews describe the customization features as versatile but intimidating to the average user. Due to its adaptability, K-Meleon was recommended for internet cafes and libraries in the early 2000s.

History

Christophe Thibault started the K-Meleon project in the 2000s,[4] when many new browsers were launched.[5] To open-source their once-dominant Netscape Communicator internet suite, Netscape founded the Mozilla project.[6] K-Meleon was one of several browsers to use Mozilla's browser engine Gecko in a stripped-down interface.[7] Thibault designed K-Meleon to combine Gecko with native Windows interface elements, an approach that was less resource-intensive and allowed the browser to blend into its environment.[8]

Embedding Gecko

Screenshot of K-Meleon with a right-click menu
K-Meleon 0.2

Christophe Thibault released K-Meleon 0.1 on August 21, 2000.[9] While working at Nullsoft,[10] Thibault said he created the first simple release to attract attention, during a day off.[11][4] For the 0.2 release, he implemented expected features like context menus and moved development to SourceForge to welcome contributions from open-source developers.[12]

Thibault handed the project over to new developers,[13] including Brian Harris, Sebastian Spaeth, Jeff Doozan, and Ulf Erikson,[1] who began implementing browser functions through modular Kplugins.[14] The K-Meleon team released new versions with features like pop-up blocking and cookie management.[15] These releases introduced text-based configuration files called configs that allowed users to customize the browser or hide interface elements,[16][17] and a macro language to allow users to extend the browser.[18][19] Early reviews described K-Meleon as small, fast, limited, and visually similar to Internet Explorer.[4][9][10]

K-Meleon was built with open-source code from Mozilla but its narrower focus offered advantages over the Mozilla Application Suite,[15] which bundled the browser with applications for email, news, chat, and webpage editing.[20][21] To create a stand-alone browser, the Galeon project embedded Mozilla's rendering engine. Galeon was released for Linux using GNOME's widget toolkit GTK.[22] K-Meleon brought a similar approach to Windows[23] using the operating system's native application programming interface (API) to create a lightweight user interface (UI).[8] The K-Meleon developers released a stand-alone web browser for Windows two years before the Firefox alpha release.[24] Mozilla created user interfaces via their cross-platform XML User Interface Language (XUL) layer.[25] This technology used Gecko to lay out application interfaces.[7] XUL allowed Mozilla to build one application for multiple operating systems but generated graphical controls that did not match the rest of the system.[26] K-Meleon was smaller and more closely integrated into the Windows desktop than Mozilla's browser, and could use the native bookmarking system to access Internet Explorer's favorites.[9][lower-alpha 1]

Screenshot of K-Meleon with a popup box that reads Hello World
K-Meleon 0.7 with a simple "Hello World" macro, the optional Tango theme, and several NPAPI plugins installed

K-Meleon 0.7 was released with the Mozilla 1.0 engine in October 2002.[27] Despite AOL disbanding upstream parent company Netscape in 2003, the development of K-Meleon continued. Mozilla continued work on Gecko, and K-Meleon was updated with service packs and the version 0.8 release.[28] In 2005, Ulf Erikson announced version 0.9 would be the final version of K-Meleon he would build. He was the project's developer but stated he was no longer using K-Meleon as his primary browser after moving to Linux.[29] In January 2006, Dorian Boissonnade became the lead developer and began working towards a 1.0 release.[30][31]

K-Meleon 1.0 was released in July 2006 and made the browser fully translatable.[lower-alpha 2] It stored localizations in separate library-and-config files within existing K-Meleon installations. Parts of the browser could be translated in a text editor.[33] K-Meleon 1.0 maintained support for its existing system of text-based configuration files and introduced a new graphical interface to change preferences from within the browser.[34][31]

Version 1.1 expanded the macro system. Earlier versions placed all of the macros into a single config file. Initial releases came with fewer than 50 lines of macro code and instructions for end users to create their own macros.[35] Later versions came with over 1,000 lines of macro code, and the macros users wrote and shared online. In response, K-Meleon developers separated macros into modules.[36][35] Version 1.5 introduced a true tabbed interface.[31][lower-alpha 3]

In Europe, version 1.5 was an optional default Windows browser through Microsoft's browser ballot. Due to accusations of abusing its market position to promote Internet Explorer, Microsoft introduced a browser ballot in the European Economic Area (EEA).[38] By 2010, it offered Windows users a choice of the 12 most popular web browsers, including K-Meleon.[39]

7x releases

In 2011, Mozilla ended support for embedding the Gecko layout engine; because K-Meleon had previously relied on this API, the browser's future became uncertain.[40][lower-alpha 4] In 2013, after years without an official, stable release, the K-Meleon group began developing version 74.[31] While Mozilla had ended support for embedding of Gecko, it maintained a technology called XULRunner.[45] XULRunner was a stand-alone implementation of the Gecko engine designed to launch applications.[46] K-Meleon 74 used XULRunner instead of Mozilla's deprecated embedding software.[47][31] Outside the new engine, version 74 brought small improvements, including better CPU use and minor bug fixes.[48]

K-Meleon 75 included a spelling checker, form auto-completion, and a new skin system.[49][50] Boissonnade began work on version 76 but suffered a hard disk drive failure during beta testing.[51]

Goanna branch

Two screenshots of K-Meleon with different appearances drawn from the windows theme
Two screenshots of K-Meleon 76 with the same K-Meleon theme but different system themes

Active development on K-Meleon takes place using Goanna,[52] a fork of Gecko created for the browser Pale Moon.[53] With Firefox Quantum, Mozilla rewrote large parts of its browser engine.[54] In 2017, Roy Tam forked K-Meleon 76 to run on Goanna.[55] The project's former lead developer Boissonnade wrote; "Thanks for taking care of that little lizard [after I] left it".[56] K-Meleon on Goanna remains compatible with deprecated versions of Windows and can run with smaller amounts of RAM than those required by mainstream web browsers.[19] K-Meleon has lower memory requirements than other low-resource browsers.[57]

K-Meleon is updated on a rolling release schedule.[58] By default, the browser is a multi-lingual portable application that can directly run from the host computer or removable media.[59] It is also included in the PortableApps.com repository.[60]

Customization

Customization of K-Meleon's interface is possible using text-format configuration files called configs.[17] The menus, keyboard shortcuts, and more can all be customized via K-Meleon's configuration files.[61][62] These configs can call upon macros,[63] a type of extension that can be opened in a text editor.[36]

A simple "Hello, World!" program could be written in K-Meleon's macro language that would pop up a small window with the message "Hello world!".[64] 

HelloWorld{
        alert("Hello world!");
}

To trigger the macro, a keyboard accelerator could be created by adding the code below to the accelerator config, causing the macro to launch if the Ctrl, Alt, and H keys are pressed at the same time.[63] 

CTRL ALT H = macros(HelloWorld)

Custom toolbars offer more options, but the syntax is similar. The example below would create a new toolbar with a button to trigger a macro.[65] 

NewToolbar{
   !NewButton{
	   macros(HelloWorld)
   }
}

This combination of configs and macro modules provides control over much of the browser.[66] It also creates a learning curve for customization that is not present in most browsers. A CNET review criticized K-Meleon because it "requires some knowledge of computer code to get the most out of it".[67] Popular browsers use systems like WebExtensions, where there is a separation between users and extension developers.[68][69]

Because of its flexibility, K-Meleon was useful for environments in which the browser needed to be customized for public use, such as libraries and internet cafés.[70] It allowed administrators to hide some features from patrons.[71] For example, a library could hide interface elements like the address bar or limit the computer's access to an online resource like the library catalog.[17]

Legacy Windows versions

K-Meleon supports a range of legacy software and hardware.[19] Version 76 supports Windows XP (2001) and Windows Vista (2006).[72][73] Windows XP and its Windows Embedded POSReady 2009 variant have been unsupported since 2019.[74][lower-alpha 5] The latest major browser releases to support these operating systems are Microsoft's Internet Explorer 8 (2014),[76] Google Chrome 50 (2016),[77] and Mozilla Firefox 52 (2018).[78]

Web browsers cannot access secure websites if they do not support Transport Layer Security (TLS) encryption.[79][80] As of 2018, most major web sites use TLS encryption via HTTPS.[81][lower-alpha 6] Early versions of K-Meleon for Windows 2000 and Windows 9X receive occasional updates for TLS certificates.[19] K-Meleon 74 can access secure websites on Windows 2000 using an old version of the Goanna engine combined with up-to-date ciphers.[83] K-Meleon 1.5 can run on Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Me.[84] Occasional TLS updates allow version 1.5 to access secure websites.[85]

Release history

K-Meleon, which was first released in 2000, has been under development for over 20 years and is still maintained. The most-recent version K-Meleon 76 is updated on a rolling release schedule. All versions of K-Meleon are written for Microsoft Windows operating systems.[lower-alpha 7]

Complete K-Meleon release history
Version Initial Release Latest Update Gecko Version Notes
0.1 Aug 21, 2000 Aug 21, 2000 M17 [4]
0.2 Nov 26, 2000 Jan 29, 2001 M18 [note 1][86][87]
0.3 Feb 13, 2001 Feb 13, 2001 0.8 [note 2][88]
0.4 May 11, 2001 May 11, 2001 0.9 [note 3][89]
0.5 Sep 27, 2001 Sep 27, 2001 0.9.4 [90]
0.6 Oct 30, 2001 Oct 30, 2001 0.9.5 [91]
0.7 Oct 31, 2002 Feb 12, 2003 1.2b [note 4][92][93]
0.8 Nov 10, 2003 Dec 23, 2003 1.5 [94][95]
0.9 Jan 18, 2005 Apr 25, 2006 1.7.13 [note 5][96][97]
1.0 Jul 15, 2006 Sep 22, 2006 1.8.0.7 [note 6][98][99]
1.1 May 22, 2007 Jul 18, 2008 1.8.1.17 [note 7][100]
1.5 Aug 8, 2008 Dec 9, 2022 1.8.1.24 [note 8][101][102]
1.6 Nov 14, 2010 Dec 12, 2010 1.9.1.20 [103][104]
74.0 Sep 8, 2014 Aug 14, 2021 24.7 [note 9][105][83]
75.0 Nov 25, 2014 Jun 24, 2015 31.5 [note 10][106][107]
75.1 Sep 19, 2015 Dec 14, 2022 31.8 [108][109]
76.0 May 2, 2016 Dec 20, 2016 38.8 [110]
76.G Nov 28, 2017 Dec 15, 2018 Goanna [note 11][111]
76.2.G Jan 10, 2019 Aug 22, 2020 Goanna [112]
76.3.G Aug 29, 2020 Feb 5, 2021 Goanna [113]
76.4.G Feb 12, 2021 Apr 7, 2023 Goanna [114]
Notes
  1. ↑ Version 0.2 is the first version hosted at SourceForge and introduced right-click context menus.
  2. ↑ Version 0.3 is a rewrite using MfcEmbed instead of WinEmbed and the BCG Library. It introduced Kplugin support for menus and toolbars, a preferences dialog, customizable menus and accelerator keys, basic authentication, page source view, and the option to save files to disk.
  3. ↑ Version 0.4 introduced support for Netscape bookmarks, full-screen display, the macro extension Kplugin, the history Kplugin, icons in menus, cache support, configurable cookie and image settings, and the option to disable Java and JavaScript.
  4. ↑ Version 0.7 introduced layered windows for "tabbed browsing", support for Opera bookmarks, automatic detection of popular third-party (NPAPI) plugins, text zoom, print preview, page setup, type ahead find, and skin support.
  5. ↑ Version 0.9 introduced the Privacy Kplugin, the Flashblock extension, an RSS feed reader, and a new default skin (Phoenity). It was updated with community-driven Gecko updates.
  6. ↑ Version 1.0 introduced full localization support, the first official localization (German), updates to the URL bar, configurable download options, a XUL-based advanced preferences panel, Gecko updates, improvements in Unicode handling for macros and menus, and a new default RSS/Atom feed reader (NewsFox).
  7. ↑ Version 1.1 expanded multi-language support. It introduced several official localizations, modular macros, the session saver Kplugin, new customization of search engines and mouse gestures, multi-user configuration files, Gecko updates, and the update checker Kplugin.
  8. ↑ Version 1.5 replaced the native preferences panel with the XUL-based former advanced preferences panel. It introduced true tabs instead of layered windows, new configuration options, a Unicode build for Windows NT, a non-Unicode build for Windows 9X, and Gecko updates.
  9. ↑ Version 74 transitioned away from embedding Gecko to update the browser engine. The jump in version number is related to K-Meleon's user agent string.
  10. ↑ Version 75 introduced Gecko updates, an expanded JSBridge, an expanded macro language, support for "about:" pages, new spellcheck features, and a shorter privacy bar using text. It enabled the container for Adobe Flash by default.
  11. ↑ Version 76 on Goanna is a new branch that switched from Gecko to Goanna.

General references for this table include K-Meleon file releases,[115] release notes,[116] changelogs,[50] and the Announcements forum.[117]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ This approach of embedding Gecko into a native interface was also used by Camino on macOS.[7]
  2. ↑ Previous versions could be translated because they were open-source. The source code could be downloaded, the source files translated, the browser code recompiled, and the resulting application distributed under an open-source license.[32]
  3. ↑ Previously used in unofficial builds, true tabs supported drag and drop, could have individual close icons, and could be placed on the bottom of the window.[37]
  4. ↑ The situation also left the future of other embedded Gecko browsers unclear. Camino's developers initially explored transitioning to the WebKit rendering engine.[41] Mozilla later discontinued the Mac-only browser.[42] Marco Gritti, the lead developer of Galeon, had already forked that project to create GNOME Web,[43] which was switched to a WebKit backend. GNOME Web developer Christian Persch described Mozilla's support for embedding of Gecko on Linux as "unmaintained and stagnant".[44]
  5. ↑ ReactOS, the open-source implementation of Windows, only targets compatibility up to the discontinued Windows Server 2003.[75]
  6. ↑ Popular browsers like Chrome, Edge, Safari, and Internet Explorer rely on the operating system for client certificates. Mozilla software can use client certificates directly from the browser.[82]
  7. ↑ K-Meleon can run on POSIX-compliant systems if they have an implementation of the Windows API like the Wine compatibility layer.[72]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Erikson, Ulf; Holman; Mutch; Moses; Sachner; Zarneth (2002). "§ 8.1 Acknowledgements". K-Meleon User's Guide and Reference Manual. K-Meleon Documentation Project. https://kmeleon.sourceforge.net/manual/miscellany.html#ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Retrieved 22 December 2022. 
  2. ↑ About K-Meleon. K-Meleon Project. 2017. 
  3. ↑ "K-Meleon News". 2022-03-25. http://kmeleonbrowser.org/wiki/News. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Mook, Nate (22 August 2000). "K-Meleon Browser Showcases Gecko". BetaNews (BetaNews, Inc.). http://www.betanews.com/article/KMeleon_Browser_Showcases_Gecko/966933295. 
  5. ↑ McCracken, Harry (March 2007). "For Browsers, the Best of Times is Now". PC World (International Data Group): 15. 
  6. ↑ Dunsdon, Nicole (11 October 2000). "Rebel Web browsers worth considering". Calgary Herald: p. TB4. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Boswell, David; King, Brian; Oeschger, Ian; Collins, Pete; Murhpy, Eric (24 September 2002). "Mozilla as Platform". in Boswell, David. Creating Applications with Mozilla. O'Reilly Media. p. 7. https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/creating-applications-with/9780596000523/05_chapter-01.html. Retrieved 2 February 2023. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Blanco, Elena (1 March 2005). "Open source and the web browser". OSS Watch. University of Oxford. http://www.oss-watch.ac.uk/resources/webbrowser.xml#body.1_div.5. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Foley, Mary Jo (22 August 2000). "K-Meleon browser part Mozilla, part IE". ZDNet (ZDNet News). https://www.zdnet.com/zdnn/stories/news/0,4586,2618357,00.html. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Antonin, Billet (24 August 2000). "K-Meleon, un Internet Explorer en code libre" (in fr). 01net. https://www.01net.com/actualites/k-meleon-un-internet-explorer-en-code-libre-117663.html. Retrieved 23 August 2023. 
  11. ↑ Jarkoff, Scott (22 August 2000). "K-Meleon Owns Netscape's Gecko". Dimension Music (Lynx Technology Group). http://www.dmusic.com/news/news.php?id=2985. 
  12. ↑ Mook, Nate (2001). "K-Meleon Makes Second Appearance". BetaNews (BetaNews, Inc.). https://betanews.com/2000/11/26/k-meleon-makes-second-appearance/. 
  13. ↑ Spaeth, Sebastian (13 February 2001). "Release Notes". http://sourceforge.net/project/shownotes.php?release_id=23692. 
  14. ↑ Harris, Brian (31 January 2001). "Re:News". kmeleon-dev@lists.sourceforge.net (Mailing list). Archived from the original on 27 November 2002.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Blasko, Larry (6 December 2001). "K-Meleon: Lean, mean Web browser". USA Today. https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/cyber/tech/review/2001/12/06/spotlight.htm. 
  16. ↑ Erikson, Ulf; Holman; Mutch; Moses; Sachner; Zarneth (2002). "§ 4.6 Configs". K-Meleon User's Guide and Reference Manual. K-Meleon Documentation Project. https://kmeleon.sourceforge.net/manual/configs.html. Retrieved 22 December 2022. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Mutch, Andrew; Ventura, Karen (15 July 2002). "Does Your Library Need a Different Browser?". NetConnect (Library Journal). http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA232354. 
  18. ↑ Doozan, Jeff (31 March 2001). "New plugin allows users to define macros". kmeleon-dev@lists.sourceforge.net (Mailing list). Archived from the original on 27 November 2002.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Shareef, Tashreef (30 March 2022). "The 7 Best Browsers for Old and Low-End Computers". MakeUseOf.com (MUO). https://www.makeuseof.com/best-browsers-old-low-end-computers/. 
  20. ↑ Mackey, Kurt; Aeirould (31 July 2002). "Mozilla Milestone 1.0: the Review". Ars Technica (Condé Nast). http://arstechnica.com/reviews/02q3/mozilla.1/moz-5.html. 
  21. ↑ SeaMonkey Council. "The SeaMonkey Project". Seamonkey-project.org. http://www.seamonkey-project.org/. 
  22. ↑ Orlowski, Andrew (26 November 2001). "Galeon zips while Mozilla slips". The Register (Situation Publishing). https://www.theregister.com/2001/11/26/galeon_zips_while_mozilla_slips/. 
  23. ↑ Boswell, David. "Mozilla Browsers". O'Reilly Media. http://www.oreillynet.com/mozilla/2002/09/12/mozilla_browsers.html. 
  24. ↑ Olsen, Stephanie (25 September 2002). "Mozilla browser gets some bite". CNET Networks. https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/mozilla-browser-gets-some-bite/. 
  25. ↑ Collins, Scott. "Ars Technica sits down with Scott Collins from Mozilla.org". Ars Technica (Interview). Interviewed by Jorge O. Castro. p. 2. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  26. ↑ Mackey, Kurt; Aeirould (31 July 2002). "Mozilla Milestone 1.0: the Review". Ars Technica (Condé Nast). http://arstechnica.com/reviews/02q3/mozilla.1/moz-1.html. 
  27. ↑ Boswell, David. "Independent Status Reports". http://mozillazine.org/articles/article2309.html. 
  28. ↑ "MozillaZine Review of the Year 2003". MozillaZine. 31 December 2003. http://www.mozillazine.org/articles/article4138.html. 
  29. ↑ Erikson, Ulf (8 January 2005). "K-Meleon: Dead or Alive?". kmeleon-dev@lists.sourceforge.net (Mailing list). Archived from the original on 18 December 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
  30. ↑ Boissonnade, Dorian (16 January 2006). "Future K-Meleon 1.0". kmeleon-dev@lists.sourceforge.net (Mailing list). Archived from the original on 10 June 2006. Retrieved 17 September 2022. Quoted by co-developer Hao Jiang: "[Kmeleon-dev Future K-Meleon 1.0"]. http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?1,35235,35235#msg-35235. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 Asián, Arantxa (9 June 2014). "Cinco navegadores web alternativos que deberías probar alguna vez" (in es). Total Publishing Network S.A.. https://www.muypymes.com/2014/06/09/cinco-navegadores-web-alternativos. 
  32. ↑ Pogson, Geoff (28 December 2004). "Computing in Welsh". Multilingual Computing & Technology (MultiLingual Media LLC) 16 (69): 37–40. 
  33. ↑ Kohler, Klaus (14 May 2007). "How to localize K-Meleon's menus, macros and toolbars". K-Meleon 1.x Reference. http://freenet-homepage.de/CoolMcKluus/software/kmeleon/project/reference/localization/menus.html. Retrieved 9 February 2023. 
  34. ↑ Karaboychev, Kalin (14 July 2008). "K-Meleon – инсталация и настройки" (in bg). Kaldata (Kaldeita Kom EOOD). https://www.kaldata.com/%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0/%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0/k-meleon-%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B8-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8-244.html.  (Refer to the visual tour of the "Advanced Preferences" panel.)
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Kohler, Klaus (9 May 2007). "What's new?". K-Meleon 1.x Reference. http://kmeleon.sourceforge.net/manual/index.html. Retrieved 9 February 2023. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "K-Meleon Macro Module". FileInfo – The File Extensions Database. Sharpened Productions. 12 August 2009. https://fileinfo.com/extension/kmm. 
  37. ↑ Wang, Mao (23 August 2009). "快速网页浏览器K-MeleonCCF ME 0.094版". MyDrivers.com (驱动之家). https://news.mydrivers.com/1/130/130662.htm. "K-MeleonCCF是一个非官方K-Meleon版本，源自K-Meleon 1.0 branch。最新CCF版与最新K-Meleon 官方版间最大的不同在于CCF版支持"real tab structure"（由Dorian开发）。[...] K-MeleonCCF ME 0.09版本的标签上可以显示关闭按钮, 标签栏可以置于窗口的下方。" 
  38. ↑ Schofield, Jack (16 December 2009). "EU drops Microsoft browser charges with agreement on 'ballot screen'". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/blog/2009/dec/16/microsoft-eu-browser-settlement. 
  39. ↑ Cellan-Jones, Rory (1 March 2010). "Microsoft offers browser choices to Europeans". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8537763.stm. 
  40. ↑ Walker-Morgan, DJ (31 March 2011). "Mozilla kills embedding support for Gecko layout engine". The H Open: News and Features (Heise Media). http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Mozilla-kills-embedding-support-for-Gecko-layout-engine-Update-1218990.html. 
  41. ↑ Foresman, Chris (1 April 2011). "WebKit best option for Camino as Mozilla drops Gecko embedding". Ars Technica (Condé Nast). https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2011/04/webkit-best-option-for-camino-as-mozilla-drops-gecko-embedding/. 
  42. ↑ Murphy, David (1 June 2013). "Mac 'Camino' Web Browser Gets Put Out to Pasture". Ziff Davis. https://www.pcmag.com/news/mac-camino-web-browser-gets-put-out-to-pasture. 
  43. ↑ Feller, Stephen (7 December 2005). "Galeon, Epiphany ready for a reunion". Linux.com (The Linux Foundation). https://www.linux.com/news/galeon-epiphany-ready-reunion/. 
  44. ↑ Persch, Chris (1 April 2008). "ANNOUNCEMENT: The Future of Epiphany". Gnome Development Announcements List (Mailing list). GNOME Project. Archived from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  45. ↑ Williams, James Lamar (2012). Learning HTML5 Game Programming. Addison-Wesley. p. 217. ISBN 9780321767363. 
  46. ↑ Feldt, Kenneth (9 February 2009). Programming Firefox. O'Reilly Media. p. 374. "XULRunner is a deployment method that uses the stand-alone Gecko runtime engine (also known as XULRunner) to launch XUL applications." 
  47. ↑ Boissonnade, Dorian (3 November 2013). "Anyone still using kmeleon?". http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?1,125632. 
  48. ↑ Tur, Henryk (6 March 2014). "K-Meleon 74 beta 4" (in pl). PC World (International Data Group). https://www.pcworld.pl/ftp/pc_114420/K-Meleon-74-beta-4.html. 
  49. ↑ Serea, Razvan (26 November 2014). "K-Meleon 75 Beta 1". Neowin LLC. https://www.neowin.net/software/k-meleon-75-beta-1/. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Boissonnade, Dorian. "K-Meleon Changelog". http://kmeleonbrowser.org/changelog.txt. 
  51. ↑ Boissonnade, Dorian (20 December 2016). "K-Meleon 76 RC". http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?8,138447,140501#msg-140501. 
  52. ↑ López, José María (10 March 2022). "Navegadores web minimalistas y ligeros para ordenadores viejos" (in es). hipertextual (Hipertextual SL). https://hipertextual.com/2022/03/navegadores-ligeros-ordenadores-viejos. 
  53. ↑ Peers, Nick (2016). "Pale Moon adopts new Goanna browser engine, fine-tunes interface". BetaNews (BetaNews, Inc.). https://betanews.com/2016/01/26/pale-moon-adopts-new-goanna-browser-engine-fine-tunes-interface/. 
  54. ↑ Mossberg, Walt (26 January 2017). "What's up with Firefox, the browser that time forgot?". https://www.theverge.com/2017/1/25/14376710/walt-mossberg-mozilla-firefox-browser-revived. 
  55. ↑ Roy Tam (28 November 2017). "K-Meleon 76 on Goanna 3.4.2". http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?19,143253. 
  56. ↑ Boissonnade, Dorian (10 December 2017). "[TEST BUILD K-Meleon 76 on Goanna 3.4.1"]. http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?19,143253,143702#msg-143702. 
  57. ↑ Stanojevic, Milan (1 November 2022). "Which Browser Uses the Least RAM?". https://windowsreport.com/best-browser-low-memory/. 
  58. ↑ Roy Tam (2023). "K-Meleon 76.4.7 on Goanna 3.5.0". http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?19,154431. 
  59. ↑ García, Rocío (9 March 2022). "Sin instalación y para llevar: Los mejores programas portables" (in es). https://www.adslzone.net/listas/mejores-programas/programas-portables-sin-instalacion/. 
  60. ↑ Haller, John (8 August 2022). "K-Meleon Portable 76.4.6-2022-08-06 (lightweight, customizable browser) Released". https://portableapps.com/news/2022-08-08--k-meleon-portable-76.4.6-2022-08-06-released. 
  61. ↑ Geere, Duncan (1 March 2010). "Wild Wild Web – the browser ballot's lesser-known options". Pocket-lint. https://www.pocket-lint.com/apps/news/microsoft/102551-eu-browser-ballots-boutique-options. 
  62. ↑ Kohler, Klaus (27 November 2006). "Configuration Files". K-Meleon 1.x Reference. http://freenet-homepage.de/CoolMcKluus/software/kmeleon/project/reference/cfgfiles/index.html. Retrieved 9 February 2023. 
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 Doozan, Jeff (2001). Macro Definition File for K-Meleon 0.6 (macros.cfg). K-Meleon.  Doozan described the accelerator syntax to add a macro command as "Sample Usage: in accel.cfg KEY = macros(example)" with "example" being the name of an individual macro sections enclosed in brackets.
  64. ↑ Erikson, Ulf; Holman; Mutch; Moses; Sachner; Zarneth (2002). "§ 7.7 Macro Language". K-Meleon User's Guide and Reference Manual. K-Meleon Documentation Project. https://kmeleon.sourceforge.net/manual/macro-lang.html. Retrieved 22 December 2022. 
  65. ↑ Doozan, Jeff (2001). Toolbar Definition File for K-Meleon 0.6 (toolbars.cfg). K-Meleon.  Doozan documents the formatting as "ToolBar Name { Button Name { command id (required) } }" with many optional parameters including size, "Tool Bar(16,16){ = NAME OF TOOLBAR* (WIDTH, HEIGHT), DEFAULT=(16,16)", and bitmap "image file[s]" for various states.
  66. ↑ Wayne, Richard (June 2004). "An Overview of Public Access Computer Software Management". Computers in Libraries (Information Today): 28–29. https://utswmed-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/2152.5/1144/rw_cil_2004_06.pdf?sequence=1. Retrieved 4 September 2022. 
  67. ↑ Lanxon, Nate (7 August 2009). "Tested: Five Web browsers you've never heard of". CBS Interactive. https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/tested-five-web-browsers-youve-never-heard-of/. 
  68. ↑ "Browser Extensions". MDN Web Docs. Mozilla. https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Add-ons/WebExtensions. 
  69. ↑ "Safari web extensions". Apple. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/safariservices/safari_web_extensions. 
  70. ↑ Geere, Duncan (1 March 2010). "Wild Wild Web – the browser ballot's lesser-known options". Pocket-lint. https://www.pocket-lint.com/apps/news/microsoft/102551-eu-browser-ballots-boutique-options. 
  71. ↑ Jesdanun, Anick (16 June 2002). "Mozilla an adaptable browser" (in English). Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Spartanburg, South Carolina: Kevin Drake): pp. E1,E8. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4jcfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=HNAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4076%2C213768. 
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 Haller, John (8 March 2023). "K-Meleon Portable". PortableApps.com. https://portableapps.com/apps/internet/k-meleon-portable. 
  73. ↑ "An Inside Look at the Months-long Process of Getting Windows XP Ready for Release to Manufacturing | Stories". Microsoft. 24 August 2001. https://news.microsoft.com/2001/08/24/an-Inside-look-at-the-months-long-process-of-getting-windows-xp-ready-for-release-to-manufacturing/. 
  74. ↑ "Microsoft Product Lifecycle Search: Windows Embedded POSReady 2009". Microsoft Support. Microsoft. https://support2.microsoft.com/lifecycle/search/default.aspx?sort=PN&alpha=Windows+Embedded+POSReady+2009&Filter=FilterNO. 
  75. ↑ Speed, Richard (14 March 2022). "ReactOS shows off SMP support in open-source take on Windows". The Register. https://www.theregister.com/2022/03/14/reactos_smp/. 
  76. ↑ Keizer, Gregg (11 March 2014). "US-CERT urges XP users to dump IE". Computerworld. IDG. http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9246877/US_CERT_urges_XP_users_to_dump_IE. 
  77. ↑ "Google Chrome 50 ceases support for XP, Vista and older Oses". Zee Media Corporation. 15 April 2016. https://zeenews.india.com/news/net-news/google-chrome-50-ceases-support-for-xp-vista-and-older-oses_1876444.html. 
  78. ↑ Tung, Liam. "Windows XP users: Your last supported refuge in Firefox ends in 2018, says Mozilla". ZDNet (ZDNet). https://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-xp-users-your-last-supported-refuge-in-firefox-ends-in-2018-says-mozilla/. 
  79. ↑ "Transport Layer Security (TLS)". Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computers-and-internet/xcae6f4a7ff015e7d:online-data-security/xcae6f4a7ff015e7d:secure-internet-protocols/a/transport-layer-security-protocol-tls. 
  80. ↑ Nohe, Patrick (26 June 2018). "Now would be a good time to update your browser". Hashed Out by the SSL Store (The SSL Store). https://www.thesslstore.com/blog/now-would-be-a-good-time-to-update-your-browser/. 
  81. ↑ Foltýn, Tomáš (3 September 2018). "Majority of the world's top million websites now use HTTPS". ESET. https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/09/03/majority-worlds-top-websites-https/. 
  82. ↑ "Configuring Client Authentication Certificates in Web Browsers". 5 May 2020. https://www.ssl.com/how-to/configuring-client-authentication-certificates-in-web-browsers/. 
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 Roy Tam (14 August 2021). "K-Meleon 74 on Goanna 2.2 (palemoon-26.5) for Win2000". http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?19,146040. 
  84. ↑ Hodge, Karl (30 January 2009). "10 lightweight apps to make older PCs fly". TechRadar (Future US, Inc.). https://www.techradar.com/news/software/applications/10-lightweight-apps-to-make-older-pcs-fly-515162. 
  85. ↑ Roy Tam (8 January 2020). "K-Meleon 1.5.x with TLS 1.2 Support version". http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?22,151512. 
  86. ↑ "K-Meleon". http://kmeleon.org. 
  87. ↑ "Release Notes and Changelog, 0.2". http://sourceforge.net/project/shownotes.php?release_id=16977. 
  88. ↑ "Release Notes and Changelog, 0.3". 13 February 2001. http://sourceforge.net/project/shownotes.php?release_id=23692. 
  89. ↑ "Release Notes and Changelog, 0.4". http://sourceforge.net/project/shownotes.php?release_id=34676. 
  90. ↑ "K-Meleon 0.5 Release Notes". 2001. http://kmeleon.sourceforge.net/docs/relnotes05.php. , Or alternate archived file link: K-Meleon 0.5 Release Notes
  91. ↑ "K-Meleon 0.6 Release Notes". 2001. http://kmeleon.sourceforge.net/docs/relnotes06.php. 
  92. ↑ "K-Meleon 0.7 Release Notes". 2002. http://kmeleon.sourceforge.net/docs/relnotes07.php. 
  93. ↑ "K-Meleon 0.7 Service Pack 1 Release Notes". http://kmeleon.sourceforge.net/docs/relnotes07sp1.php. 
  94. ↑ "K-Meleon 0.8 Release Notes". 2003. http://kmeleon.sourceforge.net/docs/relnotes08.php. 
  95. ↑ "K-Meleon Files: 0.8.2". 23 December 2003. https://sourceforge.net/projects/kmeleon/files/k-meleon/0.8.2/. 
  96. ↑ "K-Meleon 0.9 Release Notes". 18 January 2005. http://kmeleon.sourceforge.net/docs/relnotes09.php. 
  97. ↑ "K-Meleon Files: 0.9.13". 25 April 2006. https://sourceforge.net/projects/kmeleon/files/k-meleon/0.9.13/. 
  98. ↑ "K-Meleon 1.0 Release Notes". 27 September 2006. http://kmeleon.sourceforge.net/docs/relnotes10.php. 
  99. ↑ Boissonnade, Dorian. "K-Meleon 1.0". http://kmeleonbrowser.org/changelog10.txt. 
  100. ↑ Boissonnade, Dorian (18 July 2008). "K-Meleon 1.1.6 and 1.5RC". http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?8,80873. 
  101. ↑ Boissonnade, Dorian (9 August 2008). "K-Meleon 1.5". http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?8,81702. 
  102. ↑ Roy Tam (8 January 2020). "K-Meleon 1.5.x with TLS 1.2 Support version". http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?22,151512. 
  103. ↑ "K-Meleon 1.6.0 Beta is RELEASED!". 14 November 2010. http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?8,112137. 
  104. ↑ "K-Meleon 1.6.0 Beta2 is RELEASED!". 15 December 2010. http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?8,113113. 
  105. ↑ "K-Meleon 74 RC 2". 7 September 2014. http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?8,129178. 
  106. ↑ "K-Meleon 75 Beta 1". 24 November 2014. http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?8,131009. 
  107. ↑ "K-Meleon 75 Release". 23 June 2015. http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?8,134108. 
  108. ↑ "K-Meleon 75.1". 19 September 2015. http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?8,135397. 
  109. ↑ Roy Tam (14 December 2022). "Re: Anyone still using kmeleon?". http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?1,125632,156842#msg-156842. 
  110. ↑ "K-Meleon 76 RC". 1 July 2016. http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?8,138447. 
  111. ↑ "K-Meleon 76 on Goanna". 18 July 2019. http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?19,143253. 
  112. ↑ "K-Meleon 76.2.1 on Goanna 3.4.6". 11 September 2020. http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?19,148500. 
  113. ↑ "K-Meleon 76.3.1 on Goanna 3.4.6". 14 March 2021. http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?19,153118. 
  114. ↑ "K-Meleon 76.4 on Goanna 3.4.6". 25 February 2023. http://kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/read.php?19,154431. 
  115. ↑ For versions 0.2–75.1: "K-Meleon SourceForge project file releases". Kmeleon.Sourceforge.net. 20 December 2016. https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14285. 
  116. ↑ For versions 0.2–0.8.2: "File Releases". https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14285&package_id=12235.  (Individual version release notes available under the respective [Notes] link.)
  117. ↑ For versions 1.1–76: "K-Meleon: Announcements". Kmeleon.sourceforge.net. http://www.kmeleonbrowser.org/forum/list.php?8. 

External links



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