Social:Red hat merchant
| Origin | Qing dynasty |
|---|---|
| Representative figures | Hu Xueyan |
Red hat merchant[1] (Chinese: 红顶商人), alternatively translated as red-hat businessman,[2] entrepreneur with red hat,[3] refers to a government official who also appears as a businessman, combining the roles of civil servant and businessman, that is, "government businessman".[4]
The term originated from the Qing dynasty and was initially used to describe state officials who were also engaged in commercial activities.[5] At that time, wealthy officials often wore caps with rubies.[6] The typical representative of the "red hat merchant" is Hu Xueyan, a prominent businessman in the late Qing dynasty.[7]
Nowadays, the term "red hat merchant" is widely used to refer to a businessperson who has good relationships with important high-level government officials.[8]
References
- ↑ Michael Dillon (1 December 2016). Encyclopedia of Chinese History. Taylor & Francis. pp. 303–. ISBN 978-1-317-81716-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=2UAlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA303.
- ↑ Elie Virgile Chrysostome; Rick Molz (16 April 2014). Building Businesses in Emerging and Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities. Routledge. pp. 116–. ISBN 978-1-136-16885-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=LwVgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA116.
- ↑ Cheng Li (7 July 2006). "Reshuffling Four Tiers of Local Leaders:Goals and Implications". Hoover Institution. https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/clm18_cl.pdf.
- ↑ "Contemporary "Hu Xueyan" persons". Deutsche Welle. 18 September 2010. https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%89%AB%E6%8F%8F%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BA%A2%E9%A1%B6%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA/a-6016615.
- ↑ G. E. Anderson (19 June 2012). Designated Drivers: How China Plans to Dominate the Global Auto Industry. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 3–. ISBN 978-1-118-32885-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=OnlQzQV5qdEC&pg=PA3.
- ↑ "8,000 Chinese officials quit business posts". People's Daily Online. 29 December 2004. http://en.people.cn/200412/29/eng20041229_168987.html.
- ↑ "Folly of blindly chasing profits". The Standard. 30 July 2020. https://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news/section/5/221383/Folly-of-blindly-chasing-profits.
- ↑ Crime, Law and Social Change (27 April 2021). "The changing forms of corruption in China". Springer.com 75 (3): pp. 247–265. doi:10.1007/s10611-021-09952-3. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10611-021-09952-3.
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