Social:Head of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

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Short description: Supreme leader of Taliban-ruled Afghanistan
Head of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
Arms of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.svg
Emblem of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
Flag of the Taliban.svg
Flag of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
Incumbent
Hibatullah Akhundzada
since 25 May 2016
StyleAmir al-Mu'minin
TypeSupreme leader
Member ofSupreme Council (1996–2001)
Rahbari Shura (2021–present)
ResidenceKandahar
Term lengthLife tenure
PrecursorPresident of Afghanistan
Formation27 September 1996
First holderMohammed Omar

The head of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Pashto: د مش د افغانستان اسلامي امارت‎, romanized: Damshīr Də Afġānistān Islāmī Imārat) is the supreme leader of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.

History

The office was first established by Mullah Mohammed Omar, who founded both the Taliban in 1994 and the first Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in 1996. On 4 April 1996, in Kandahar, followers of Omar bestowed upon him the title Amir al-Mu'minin (أمير المؤمنين), meaning "Commander of the Faithful", as Omar had donned a cloak taken from its shrine in the city, asserted to be that of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad.[1][2] Commander of the Faithful was not a governmental position but rather a religious and honorary title. After the Taliban seized the Afghan capital of Kabul in 1996, the organization instated a "Supreme Council of Afghanistan" and proclaimed Omar as the council's head on 27 September 1996; in this capacity, Omar acted as the country's head of state.[3][4] Following the United States invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, Omar was deposed and the office of Head of the Supreme Council was replaced by a presidency.[5] Nevertheless, all subsequent leaders of the Taliban have borne the title of Commander of the Faithful.[6]

Following the 2021 Taliban offensive, the organization recaptured Kabul on 15 August 2021 after the United States withdrew its forces.[7][8][9] The Taliban officially restored the Islamic Emirate on 19 August 2021 and their leader Hibatullah Akhundzada became the new head of state.[10]

Selection

Under the draft constitution of the first Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan the head of state would be selected by an Islamic Council and hold the title "Leader of the Faithful".[11]

Powers and duties

Under Mohammed Omar, the Head of the Supreme Council held absolute power, and the Taliban’s interpretation of Sharia was entirely his decision.

It is unclear what exactly the current role of the Emir is, but under the 1998 draft constitution of the first Islamic Emirate, the Leader of the Faithful would appoint justices of the Supreme Court.[12]

Under the current government however, the Emir has final authority on political appointments, as well as political, religious, and military affairs. The Emir carries out much of his work through the Rabbari Shura, or the Leadership Council, which oversees the work of the Cabinet of Afghanistan, and appointment of individuals to key posts within the cabinet.[13]

However, in a report from Al Jazeera, the cabinet has no authority, with all decisions being made confidentiality by Akhundzada and the Rahbari Shura in Kandahar.[14]

List of heads

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Additional position(s) held Term of office Ref.
Took office Left office Time in office
1 No image.svg Amir al-Mu'minin
Mullah
Mohammed Omar
(1960–2013) 		Head of the Supreme Council of Afghanistan (1996–2001) 27 September 1996 23 April 2013 † 16 years, 208 days [15]
Position vacant
(23 April 2013 – 29 July 2015)
2 No image.svg Amir al-Mu'minin
Mullah
Akhtar Mansour
(1968–2016) 		– 29 July 2015 21 May 2016 297 days [15]
3 No image.svg Amir al-Mu'minin
Mullah
Mawlawi
Hibatullah Akhundzada
(born 1961) 		– 25 May 2016 Incumbent 7 years, 307 days [16]

Timeline

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Define $today = 27/03/2024

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DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1996 till:$today TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:2000 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1996

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 text:"Political party:"

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bar:Omar
bar:Mansour
bar:Akhundzada

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bar:Omar
 from: 27/09/1996 till: 23/04/2013 color:taliban text:"Mohammed Omar"
bar:Mansour
 from: 29/07/2015 till: 21/05/2016 color:taliban text:"Akhtar Mansour"
bar:Akhundzada
 from: 25/05/2016 till: $today color:taliban text:"Hibatullah Akhundzada"

</timeline>

See also

  • List of heads of state of Afghanistan
  • President of Afghanistan
  • History of Afghanistan
  • Government of Afghanistan
  • Politics of Afghanistan

References

  1. ↑ "Man in the News; Seizing the Prophet's Mantle: Muhammad Omar". https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/07/world/nation-challenged-leader-man-seizing-prophet-s-mantle-muhammad-omar.html. 
  2. ↑ "Kandahar residents feel betrayed". https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Kandahar-residents-feel-betrayed-2837764.php. 
  3. ↑ Malashenko, Alexey (11 August 2015). "Where Will the New Taliban Leader Lead His People?". Russian International Affairs Council. https://carnegie.ru/2015/08/11/where-will-new-taliban-leader-lead-his-people/ielb. 
  4. ↑ Waraich, Omar (30 July 2015). "Mullah Mohammed Omar: Co-founder and leader of the Taliban who fought the Soviets before presiding over a brutal Afghan regime". https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/mullah-mohammed-omar-co-founder-and-leader-taliban-who-fought-soviets-presiding-over-brutal-afghan-regime-10428546.html. 
  5. ↑ "Karzai declared elected president". http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8337832.stm. 
  6. ↑ "Statement by the Leadership Council of Islamic Emirate regarding the martyrdom of Amir ul Mumineen Mullah Akhtar Muhammad Mansour and the election of the new leader". https://jihadology.net/2016/05/28/new-statement-from-the-islamic-emirate-of-afghanistan-leadership-council-regarding-the-martyrdom-of-the-leader-of-the-faithful-mulla-akhtar-mu%e1%b8%a5mmad-man%e1%b9%a3ur-and-the-election-of-the-n/. 
  7. ↑ Mistlin, Alex; Sullivan, Helen; Harding, Luke; Harding, Luke; Borger, Julian; Mason, Rowena (15 August 2021). "Afghanistan: Kabul to shift power to 'transitional administration' after Taliban enter city – live updates". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2021/aug/15/afghanistan-taliban-close-in-on-kabul-as-last-government-stronghold-in-north-falls. 
  8. ↑ "Afghanistan: Heavy fighting ongoing on the outskirts of Kabul as of early Aug. 15; a total blackout reported in the city". https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/513486/afghanistan-heavy-fighting-ongoing-on-the-outskirts-of-kabul-as-of-early-aug-15-a-total-blackout-reported-in-the-city. 
  9. ↑ "Taliban officials: there will be no transitional government in Afghanistan". 15 August 2021. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taliban-officials-there-will-be-no-transitional-government-afghanistan-2021-08-15/. 
  10. ↑ Mychael, Schnell (19 August 2021). "Taliban declare 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan'". The Hill. https://thehill.com/policy/international/568585-taliban-declare-islamic-emirate-of-afghanistan. 
  11. ↑ "Taliban Constitution Offers Glimpse Into Militant Group's Vision For Afghanistan". https://www.rferl.org/a/taliban-constitution-offers-glimpse-into-militant-group-s-vision-for-afghanistan/30577298.html. 
  12. ↑ "Beyond Republic or Emirate: Afghan Constitutional System at Crossroads". http://www.iconnectblog.com/2021/04/beyond-republic-or-emirate-afghan-constitutional-system-at-crossroads/. 
  13. ↑ "What Role Will the Taliban’s ‘Supreme Leader’ Play in the New Government?" (in en-US). https://thediplomat.com/2021/09/what-role-will-the-talibans-supreme-leader-play-in-the-new-government/. 
  14. ↑ Latifi, Ali M.. "Taliban divisions deepen as hardliners seek spoils of war" (in en). https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/9/23/how-deep-are-divisions-among-the-taliban. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 CNN Umair (29 July 2015). "Mullah Omar: Life chapter of Taliban’s supreme leader comes to end". ireport.cnn.com (Faisalabad, Pakistan: CNN). http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-1260772. 
  16. ↑ "Afghan Taliban announce successor to Mullah Mansour". BBC News. 25 May 2016. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36375975. 

Template:Presidents of AfghanistanTemplate:Taliban




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