Religion:Iglesia ni Cristo and Philippine elections

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The Iglesia ni Cristo is noted for its role in elections in the Philippines .

Bloc voting

The Iglesia ni Cristo is known for its practice of bloc voting during elections.[1][2][3] The INC is known for issuing directives to vote for certain candidates endorsed by the church under the tenet of obedience and the advocacy of a united unit.[1] INC spokesperson Edwil Zabala has stressed the importance of unity of its members with the church leadership.[4] As a consequence, candidates often attempt to secure endorsement from the INC.[5]

According to pollster, Mahar Mangahas the INC usually announces its endorsements around a week before election day when "when the rankings of the candidates in the polls have stabilized" and concludes that candidates' ranking in opinion polls are a factor on how the INC chooses candidates to support.[5]

Endorsements

The following is the list of candidates who have been endorsed by the Iglesia ni Cristo. The list is limited to candidates running for president, vice president, and senators.

President

Year Rank Candidate Party Votes % Result Ref.
1935 1. Manuel Quezon Template:Party name with colour 695,332 67.99 Won [3]
1941 1. Manuel Quezon Template:Party name with colour 1,340,320 81.78 Won [3]
1946 1. Manuel Roxas Template:Party name with colour 1,333,392 53.94 Won [3]
1949 3. Jose Avelino Template:Party name with colour 419,890 11.85 Lost [3]
1965 1. Ferdinand Marcos Template:Party name with colour 3,861,324 51.94 Won [3]
1969 1. Ferdinand Marcos Template:Party name with colour 5,017,343 61.47 Won [3]
1981 1. Ferdinand Marcos Template:Party name with colour 18,309,360 88.02 Won [3]
1986 1. Ferdinand Marcos Template:Party name with colour 10,807,197 53.62 Won [3]
1992 3. Danding Cojuangco Template:Party name with colour 4,116,376 18.17 Lost [6]
1998 1. Joseph Estrada Template:Party name with colour 10,722,295 39.86 Won [7]
2004 1. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Template:Party name with colour 12,905,808 39.99 Won [8][9]
2010 1. Benigno Aquino III Template:Party name with colour 15,208,678 42.08 Won [10][11]
2016 1. Rodrigo Duterte Template:Party name with colour 16,601,997 39.02 Won [12][13]
2022 1. Bongbong Marcos Template:Party name with colour 31,629,783 58.77 Won [14][15]

Vice President

Year Rank Candidate Party Votes % Result Ref.
2010 2. Mar Roxas Template:Party name with colour 13,918,490 39.58 Lost [10][11]
2016 2. Bongbong Marcos Template:Party name with colour 14,155,344 34.47 Lost [12][13]
2022 1. Sara Duterte Template:Party name with colour 32,208,417 61.53 Won [14][15]

Senators

Year Rank Candidate Party Votes % Result Ref.
2022 1. Robin Padilla Template:Party name with colour 27,027,235 48.23 Won [16]
2. Loren Legarda Template:Party name with colour 24,367,564 43.48 Won
4. Win Gatchalian Template:Party name with colour 20,678,804 36.89 Won
5. Francis Escudero Template:Party name with colour 20,320,069 36.26 Won
6. Mark Villar Template:Party name with colour 19,563,262 34.91 Won
7. Alan Peter Cayetano Template:Party name with colour 19,359,758 34.54 Won
8. Juan Miguel Zubiri Template:Party name with colour 18,931,207 33.78 Won
9. Joel Villanueva Template:Party name with colour 18,539,537 33.08 Won
11. JV Ejercito Template:Party name with colour 15,901,891 28.37 Won
12. Jinggoy Estrada Template:Party name with colour 15,174,288 27.08 Won
13. Jejomar Binay Template:Party name with colour 13,348,887 23.82 Lost
16. Guillermo Eleazar Template:Party name with colour 11,360,526 20.27 Lost

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Quismundo, Tarra. "Expelled Iglesia ni Cristo minister's lawyer says bloc voting may be no more". http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/717501/expelled-inc-ministers-lawyer-says-bloc-voting-may-be-no-more. 
  2. ↑ "Analyst: Other Christian groups can negate INC bloc vote for Marcos, Duterte". ABS-CBN News. 4 May 2022. https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/04/22/inc-bloc-vote-can-be-negated-by-other-christian-blocs. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 "Iglesia Ni Cristo endorsements and how the presidential candidates fared in the past elections". Philstar Life (The Philippine Star). 4 May 2022. https://philstarlife.com/news-and-views/765308-iglesia-ni-cristo-endorsements-elections-through-the-years. 
  4. ↑ Cahiles, Gerg (6 April 2019). "Politics of recognition: The power of religious endorsement in the 2019 polls". CNN Philippines. https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/4/10/religious-endorsement-philippine-elections.html. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Baclig, Cristina Eloisa (5 May 2022). "INC endorsements: Do they matter?" (in en). Philippine Daily Inquirer. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1592814/inc-endorsements-do-they-matter. 
  6. ↑ Shenon, Philip (11 May 1992). "Under Marcos's Shadow, Filipinos Vote in Close Race". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/11/world/under-marcos-s-shadow-filipinos-vote-in-close-race.html. 
  7. ↑ Vanzi, Sol Jose (7 May 1998). "Iglesia ni Cristo Endorses Erap-Gloria". Headline News Philippines. http://www.newsflash.org/199805/pe/pe000349.htm. 
  8. ↑ "Arroyo wins Philippine election" (in en). Al Jazeera. 20 June 2004. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2004/6/20/arroyo-wins-philippine-election. 
  9. ↑ Sy, Marvin; Villanueva, Marichu (7 May 2004). "INC, Shaddai endorse GMA". The Philippine Star. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2004/05/07/249037/inc-shaddai-endorse-gma. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "List of Candidates for President and Vice-President with Votes Obtained". Commission on Elections. 29 September 2015. https://comelec.gov.ph/php-tpls-attachments/References/Results/2010NLE/Results_Pres_VPres_2010_Elections.pdf. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Macairan, Evelyn (6 May 2010). "INC picks Aquino, Roxas". The Philippine Star. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2010/05/06/572413/inc-picks-aquino-roxas. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Joint Public Session: Resolution of Both Houses No. 1". Congress of the Philippines. 30 May 2016. http://legacy.senate.gov.ph/16th_congress/resolutions/joint%20public%20session%20res%20both%20houses%20no.1.pdf. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Duterte, Marcos get INC endorsement for May 9 polls". CNN Philippines. 2 May 2016. https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/05/Iglesia-ni-Cristo-endorsement-duterte-marcos-May-9-elections.html. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "National Canvassing 2022 - Joint Session of Congress". https://halalan2022.info. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Gulleand, Jimbo; Pañares, Joyce Pangco (3 May 2022). "INC endorses BBM, Sara". Manila Standard. https://manilastandard.net/news/314225548/inc-endorses-bbm-sara.html. 
  16. ↑ Escosio, Jan V. (3 May 2022). "INC endorses BBM-Sara; find out 12 Senate bets that it is backing" (in en). Manila Bulletin. https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/03/inc-endorses-bbm-sara-find-out-senate-bets-that-it-is-backing/. 



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