Engineering:Navlab
Navlab is a series of autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles developed by teams from The Robotics Institute at the School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University. Later models were produced under a new department created specifically for the research called "The Carnegie Mellon University Navigation Laboratory".[1] Navlab 5 notably steered itself almost all the way from Pittsburgh to San Diego.
History
Research on computer controlled vehicles began at Carnegie Mellon in 1984[1] as part of the DARPA Strategic Computing Initiative[2] and production of the first vehicle, Navlab 1, began in 1986.[3]
Applications
The vehicles in the Navlab series have been designed for varying purposes, "... off-road scouting; automated highways; run-off-road collision prevention; and driver assistance for maneuvering in crowded city environments. Our current work involves pedestrian detection, surround sensing, and short range sensing for vehicle control."[4]
Several types of vehicles have been developed, including "... robot cars, vans, SUVs, and buses."[1]
Vehicles
The institute has made vehicles with the designations Navlab 1 through 10.[4] The vehicles were mainly semi-autonomous, though some were fully autonomous and required no human input.[4]
Navlab 1 was built in 1986 using a Chevrolet panel van.[3] The van had 5 racks of computer hardware, including 3 Sun workstations, video hardware and GPS receiver, and a Warp supercomputer.[3] The vehicle suffered from software limitations and was not fully functional until the late 80s, when it achieved its top speed of 20 mph (32 km/h).[3]
Navlab 2 was built in 1990 using a US Army HMMWV.[3] Computer power was uprated for this new vehicle with three Sparc 10 computers, "for high level data processing", and two 68000-based computers "used for low level control".[3] The Hummer was capable of driving both off- or on-road. When driving over rough terrain, its speed was limited with a top speed of 6 mph (9.7 km/h). When Navlab 2 was driven on-road it could achieve as high as 70 mph (110 km/h)[3]
Navlab 1 and 2 were semi-autonomous and used "... steering wheel and drive shaft encoders and an expensive inertial navigation system for position estimation."[3]
Navlab 5 used a 1990 Pontiac Trans Sport minivan. In July 1995, the team took it from Pittsburgh to San Diego on a proof-of-concept trip, dubbed "No Hands Across America", with the system navigating for all but 50 of the 2850 miles, averaging over 60 MPH.[5][6][7] In 2007, Navlab 5 was added to the Class of 2008 inductees of the Robot Hall of Fame.[8]
Navlabs 6 and 7 were both built with Pontiac Bonnevilles. Navlab 8 was built with an Oldsmobile Silhouette van. Navlabs 9 and 10 were both built out of Houston transit buses.[9]
See also
- Driverless car
References
- ↑ "Robotics History: Narratives and Networks Oral Histories: Chuck Thorpe". https://ieeetv.ieee.org/history/robotics-history-narratives-and-networks-oral-histories-chuck-thorpe.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Overview". NavLab. The Robotics Institute. http://www.ri.cmu.edu/research_lab_group_detail.html?lab_id=28&menu_id=263. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
- ↑ "Look, Ma, No Hands" (in en). 31 December 2017. https://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2015/july/look-ma-no-hands.html. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ Freeman, Mike (3 April 2017). "Connected Cars: The long road to autonomous vehicles" (in en). http://cwc.ucsd.edu/content/connected-cars-long-road-autonomous-vehicles. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ Jochem, Todd. "Back to the Future: Autonomous Driving in 1995 - Robotics Trends". http://www.roboticstrends.com/article/back_to_the_future_autonomous_driving_in_1995. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ "THE 2008 INDUCTEES". The Robot Institute. Archived from the original on 26 September 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110926213308/http://www.robothalloffame.org/08inductees.html. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
- ↑ Shirai, Yoshiaki; Hirose, Shigeo (2012). Attention and Custom for Safe Behavior. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 249. ISBN 978-1447115809. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJzSBwAAQBAJ&q=Navlab+6&pg=PA249.
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