Biology:R-type calcium channel
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Short description: Protein family
 Generic protein structure example |
The R-type calcium channel is a type of voltage-dependent calcium channel. Like the others of this class, the α1 subunit forms the pore through which calcium enters the cell and determines most of the channel's properties. This α1 subunit is also known as the calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit (CACNA1E) or Cav2.3 which in humans is encoded by the CACNA1E gene.[1][2][3]
They are strongly expressed in cortex, hippocampus, striatum, amygdala and interpeduncular nucleus.[4]
They are poorly understood, but like Q-type calcium channels, they appear to be present in cerebellar granule cells. They have a high threshold of activation and relatively slow kinetics.
References
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: CACNA1E calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=777.
- ↑ "Structure and functional expression of a member of the low voltage-activated calcium channel family". Science 260 (5111): 1133–6. May 1993. doi:10.1126/science.8388125. PMID 8388125. Bibcode: 1993Sci...260.1133S.
- ↑ "International Union of Pharmacology. XLVIII. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated calcium channels". Pharmacological Reviews 57 (4): 411–25. December 2005. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.5. PMID 16382099.
- ↑ "Quantitative regional and ultrastructural localization of the Ca(v)2.3 subunit of R-type calcium channel in mouse brain". The Journal of Neuroscience 32 (39): 13555–67. September 2012. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1142-12.2012. PMID 23015445.
Further reading
- "Inhibition of human alpha1E subunit-mediated ca2+ channels by the antipsychotic agent chlorpromazine". Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 173 (4): 401–8. December 2001. doi:10.1046/j.1365-201X.2001.00914.x. PMID 11903132.
- "A specific tryptophan in the I-II linker is a key determinant of beta-subunit binding and modulation in Ca(V)2.3 calcium channels". Biophysical Journal 83 (3): 1429–42. September 2002. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(02)73914-3. PMID 12202369. Bibcode: 2002BpJ....83.1429B.
- "The role of distal S6 hydrophobic residues in the voltage-dependent gating of CaV2.3 channels". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 282 (38): 27944–52. September 2007. doi:10.1074/jbc.M703895200. PMID 17660294.
- "Muscarinic modulation of Cav2.3 (R-type) calcium channels is antagonized by RGS3 and RGS3T". American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology 292 (1): C573–80. January 2007. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00219.2006. PMID 16855219.
- "International Union of Pharmacology. XLVIII. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated calcium channels". Pharmacological Reviews 57 (4): 411–25. December 2005. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.5. PMID 16382099.
- "Histidine residues in the IS3-IS4 loop are critical for nickel-sensitive inhibition of the Cav2.3 calcium channel". FEBS Letters 581 (30): 5774–80. December 2007. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.045. PMID 18037383.
- "Amplification and overexpression of CACNA1E correlates with relapse in favorable histology Wilms' tumors". Clinical Cancer Research 12 (24): 7284–93. December 2006. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1567. PMID 17189400.
- "Polymorphisms in the gene encoding the voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel Ca (V)2.3 (CACNA1E) are associated with type 2 diabetes and impaired insulin secretion". Diabetologia 50 (12): 2467–75. December 2007. doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0846-2. PMID 17934712.
- "A high-density association screen of 155 ion transport genes for involvement with common migraine". Human Molecular Genetics 17 (21): 3318–31. November 2008. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn227. PMID 18676988.
- "Mutations in EFHC1 cause juvenile myoclonic epilepsy". Nature Genetics 36 (8): 842–9. August 2004. doi:10.1038/ng1393. PMID 15258581.
- "Actions of sipatrigine, 202W92 and lamotrigine on R-type and T-type Ca2+ channel currents". European Journal of Pharmacology 467 (1–3): 77–80. April 2003. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(03)01625-X. PMID 12706458.
- "Presynaptic 'Ca2.3-containing' E-type Ca channels share dual roles during neurotransmitter release". The European Journal of Neuroscience 21 (6): 1617–25. March 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03984.x. PMID 15845089.
- "Molecular determinants of inactivation within the I-II linker of alpha1E (CaV2.3) calcium channels". Biophysical Journal 80 (1): 215–28. January 2001. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(01)76008-0. PMID 11159396. Bibcode: 2001BpJ....80..215B.
- "Neurokinin 1 receptors trigger overlapping stimulation and inhibition of CaV2.3 (R-type) calcium channels". Molecular Pharmacology 71 (1): 284–93. January 2007. doi:10.1124/mol.106.028530. PMID 17050807.
- "State-dependent inhibition of inactivation-deficient Ca(V)1.2 and Ca(V)2.3 channels by mibefradil". The Journal of Membrane Biology 184 (2): 143–59. November 2001. doi:10.1007/s00232-001-0083-4. PMID 11719851.
- "Alternate splicing in the cytosolic II-III loop and the carboxy terminus of human E-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels: electrophysiological characterization of isoforms". Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences 21 (2): 352–65. October 2002. doi:10.1006/mcne.2002.1179. PMID 12401453.
- "Association analysis of chromosome 1 migraine candidate genes". BMC Medical Genetics 8: 57. August 2007. doi:10.1186/1471-2350-8-57. PMID 17727731.
- "Functional coupling between 'R-type' Ca2+ channels and insulin secretion in the insulinoma cell line INS-1". European Journal of Biochemistry 268 (4): 1066–75. February 2001. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.01969.x. PMID 11179973.
- "Variants in the Ca V 2.3 (alpha 1E) subunit of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians". Diabetes 56 (12): 3089–94. December 2007. doi:10.2337/db07-0587. PMID 17720895.
External links
- CACNA1E+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- R-Type+Calcium+Channel at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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