Biology:Osteolaeminae

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Short description: Subfamily of crocodiles

Osteolaeminae
Temporal range: EoceneHolocene, 38–0 Ma
West African Dwarf Crocodile 5.jpg
West African dwarf crocodile (Osteolaemus tetraspis)
Mecistops leptorhynchus 2009.jpg
Central African slender-snouted crocodile (Mecistops leptorhynchus)
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Archosauromorpha
Clade: Archosauriformes
Order: Crocodilia
Family: Crocodylidae
Subfamily: Osteolaeminae
Brochu, 2003
Genera

Osteolaeminae is a subfamily of true crocodiles within the family Crocodylidae containing the dwarf crocodiles and slender-snouted crocodiles, and is the sister taxon to Crocodylinae.

Taxonomy

Osteolaeminae was named by Christopher Brochu in 2003 as a subfamily of Crocodylidae separate from Crocodylinae, and is cladistically defined as Osteolaemus tetraspis (the Dwarf crocodile) and all crocodylians more closely related to it than to Crocodylus niloticus (the Nile crocodile).[2][3] This is a stem-based definition, and is the sister taxon to Crocodylinae. Osteolaeminae contains the two extant genera Osteolaemus and Mecistops, along with several extinct genera, although the number of extant species within Osteolaeminae is currently in question.[4]

Phylogeny

The cladogram below is based on two studies that combined morphological, molecular (DNA sequencing), and stratigraphic (fossil age) data.[5][6]

Crocodylidae
Osteolaeminae

Mecistops cataphractus West African slender-snouted crocodile

Euthecodon

Brochuchus

Rimasuchus

Osteolaemus osborni Osborn’s dwarf crocodile

Osteolaemus tetraspis Dwarf crocodile

Crocodylinae

Voay

Crocodylus

Crocodylus anthropophagus

Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni

Crocodylus palaeindicus

Crocodylus Tirari Desert

Crocodylus johnstoni Freshwater crocodile

Crocodylus novaeguineae New Guinea crocodile

Crocodylus mindorensis Philippine crocodile

Crocodylus porosus Saltwater crocodile

Crocodylus siamensis Siamese crocodile

Crocodylus palustris Mugger crocodile

Crocodylus checchiai

Crocodylus falconensis

Crocodylus suchus West African crocodile

Crocodylus niloticus Nile crocodile

Crocodylus moreletii Morelet's crocodile

Crocodylus rhombifer Cuban crocodile

Crocodylus intermedius Orinoco crocodile

Crocodylus acutus American crocodile

(crown group)

Alternatively, other morphological studies have recovered Mecistops as a basal member of Crocodylinae, more closely related to Crocodylus than to Osteolaemus and the other members of Osteolaeminae,[3][7] as shown in the cladogram below.[7]

Crocodylidae
Osteolaeminae

Rimasuchus lloydi

Voay robustus

Osteolaemus osborni Osborn’s dwarf crocodile

Osteolaemus tetraspis Dwarf crocodile

"Crocodylus" gariepensis

Brochuchus parvidens

Brochuchus pigotti

Euthecodon arambourgi

Euthecodon brumpti

Crocodylinae

Mecistops cataphractus West African slender-snouted crocodile

Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni

Crocodylus anthropophagus

Crocodylus niloticus Nile crocodile

Crocodylus checchiai

Crocodylus moreletii Morelet's crocodile

Crocodylus intermedius Orinoco crocodile

Crocodylus acutus American crocodile

Crocodylus rhombifer Cuban crocodile

Crocodylus palaeindicus

Crocodylus palustris Mugger crocodile

Crocodylus ossifragus

Crocodylus siamensis Siamese crocodile

Crocodylus mindorensis Philippine crocodile

Crocodylus johnstoni Freshwater crocodile

Crocodylus porosus Saltwater crocodile

Crocodylus raninus Borneo crocodile

Crocodylus novaeguineae New Guinea crocodile  

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Species list

References

  1. Brochu, Christopher A.; de Celis, Ane; Adams, Amanda J.; Drumheller, Stephanie K.; Nestler, Jennifer H.; Benefit, Brenda R.; Grossman, Aryeh; Kirera, Francis et al. (2022). "Giant dwarf crocodiles from the Miocene of Kenya and crocodylid faunal dynamics in the late Cenozoic of East Africa" (in en). The Anatomical Record 305 (10): 2729–2765. doi:10.1002/ar.25005. ISSN 1932-8486. PMID 35674271. 
  2. Brochu, C. A.; Storrs, G. W. (2012). "A giant crocodile from the Plio-Pleistocene of Kenya, the phylogenetic relationships of Neogene African crocodylines, and the antiquity of Crocodylus in Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 (3): 587–602. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.652324. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021). "Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem". PeerJ 9: e12094. doi:10.7717/peerj.12094. PMID 34567843. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 Eaton, Mitchell J.; Andrew Martin; John Thorbjarnarson; George Amato (March 2009). "Species-level diversification of African dwarf crocodiles (Genus Osteolaemus): A geographic and phylogenetic perspective". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50 (3): 496–506. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.009. PMID 19056500. 
  5. Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018). "Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 285 (1881). doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071. PMID 30051855. 
  6. Hekkala, E.; Gatesy, J.; Narechania, A.; Meredith, R.; Russello, M.; Aardema, M. L.; Jensen, E.; Montanari, S. et al. (2021-04-27). "Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene "horned" crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus" (in en). Communications Biology 4 (1): 505. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0. ISSN 2399-3642. PMID 33907305. 
  7. 7.0 7.1 Azarra, Beatrice; Boschian, Giovanni; Brochu, Christopher; Delfino, Massimo; Iurino, Dawid Adam; Kimambo, Jackson Stanley; Manzi, Giorgio; Masao, Fidelis T. et al. (2021). "A new cranium of Crocodylus anthropophagus from Olduvai Gorge, northern Tanzania". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy) 127 (2): 275–295. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/15771. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352560805. 

Wikidata ☰ Q21541686 entry