Biology:Limosilactobacillus vaginalis
| Limosilactobacillus vaginalis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Bacillota |
| Class: | Bacilli |
| Order: | Lactobacillales |
| Family: | Lactobacillaceae |
| Genus: | Limosilactobacillus |
| Species: | L. vaginalis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Limosilactobacillus vaginalis (Embley et al. 1989) Zheng et al. 2020
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| Synonyms | |
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Limosilactobacillus vaginalis is a lactic acid bacterium that is a normal, but infrequent part of the vaginal microbiome.
Discovery and taxonomy
The species was identified by Embley and his coworkers in the course of a vaccine development against trichomoniasis.[1] The vaginal secretions of women suffering from trichomoniasis were examined for the presence of certain proposed Lactobacillus strains exhibiting mutualistic behavior with Trichomonas vaginalis, facilitating sustainment of infection.[1] The isolates initially designated Limosilactobacillus fermentum were compared to the reference strains of a number of heterofermentative species using the DNA–DNA hybridization method, and have shown a maximal DNA homology of 35% with Limosilactobacillus reuteri, far below the standard threshold of 70% recommended for species delineation.[1] The new species L. vaginalis with type strain NCTC 12197 was proposed, and the description of its carbohydrate fermentation patterns as well as cellular fatty acid composition were provided.[1] Further taxonomic investigations relying on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed L. vaginalis in the L. reuteri phylogenetic group along with 14 other species, including L. fermentum.[2]
Description
Limosilactobacillus vaginalis is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, catalase negative bacterium.[1] These obligate heterofermentative lactobacilli produce both D and L isomers of lactic acid as the metabolic end-product of carbohydrate fermentation.[1] Similarly to most other vaginal Lactobacillus species, L. vaginalis does not directly metabolize glycogen, but rather its depolymerization products.[3] The bacterium occurs in less than 1% of healthy women.[4]
Use
Specific strains of L. vaginalis characterized by an insufficient protective efficacy against vaginal pathogens are used in lactobacillus vaccines, a therapy method of chronic vaginal infections that respond poorly to antibiotic treatment, available in German-speaking Europe.[5] L. vaginalis is not used as a probiotic, nor as a starter culture in the food industry. It is occasionally isolated from fermented dairy products, where it represents an unwanted contaminant.[6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Lactobacillus vaginalis sp. nov. from the human vagina". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 39 (3): 368–370. July 1989. doi:10.1099/00207713-39-3-368.
- ↑ "The genus Lactobacillus: a taxonomic update". Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 4 (4): 217–226. December 2012. doi:10.1007/s12602-012-9117-8. PMID 26782181.
- ↑ "Unraveling the dynamics of the human vaginal microbiome". The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 89 (3): 331–337. September 2016. PMID 27698617.
- ↑ "The identification of vaginal Lactobacillus species and the demographic and microbiologic characteristics of women colonized by these species". The Journal of Infectious Diseases 180 (6): 1950–1956. December 1999. doi:10.1086/315109. PMID 10558952.
- ↑ Mendling, Werner (1995) (in German). Vaginose, Vaginitis und Zervizitis. Mit Bildteil zu Vulvovaginalerkrankungen. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10739-3. ISBN 978-3-540-58553-4.
- ↑ "Isolation and typification of histamine-producing Lactobacillus vaginalis strains from cheese". International Journal of Food Microbiology 215: 117–123. September 2015. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.08.026. PMID 26394683.
Wikidata ☰ Q3825350 entry
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