Biology:Limnocyonidae

Short description: Extinct family of mammals

Limnocyonidae Temporal range: 57.0–37.2 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Late Paleocene to Late Eocene
Skull of Limnocyon verus
lower jaw of Prolimnocyon antiquus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Hyaenodonta
Family:	†Hyaenodontidae
Subfamily:	†Limnocyoninae Wortman, 1902
Type genus
†Limnocyon Marsh, 1872
Genera
†Iridodon †Limnocyon(paraphyletic genus) †Oxyaenodon †Prolaena †Prolimnocyon(paraphyletic genus) †Thinocyon Incertae sedis: †"Thinocyon" sichowensis
Synonyms
list of synonyms: Limnocyoninae (Wortman, 1902) Limnocyonini (Van Valen, 1966) Limnocyononae (Lavrov, 1999) Limnocyontidae (Savage, 1973)

Limnocyonidae ("swamp dogs") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from late Paleocene to late Eocene deposits in North America and Asia. Limnocyonids had only two molars in the upper and lower dentition.

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy

• Family: †Limnocyonidae (Wortman, 1902)
  • Genus: †Iridodon (Morlo & Gunnell, 2003)
    • †Iridodon datzae (Morlo & Gunnell, 2003)
  • Genus: †Limnocyon ^{(paraphyletic genus)} (Marsh, 1872)
    • †Limnocyon cuspidens (Morlo & Gunnell, 2005)
    • †Limnocyon potens (Matthew, 1909)
    • †Limnocyon verus (Marsh, 1872)
  • Genus: †Oxyaenodon (Matthew, 1899)
    • †Oxyaenodon dysodus (Matthew, 1899)
  • Genus: †Prolaena (Xu, 1979)
    • †Prolaena parva (Xu, 1979)
  • Genus: †Prolimnocyon ^{(paraphyletic genus)} (Matthew & Granger, 1915)
    • †Prolimnocyon antiquus (Matthew & Granger, 1915)
    • †Prolimnocyon atavus (Matthew & Granger, 1915)
    • †Prolimnocyon chowi (Meng, 1998)
    • †Prolimnocyon eerius (Gingerich, 1989)
    • †Prolimnocyon haematus (Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989)
  • Genus: †Thinocyon (Marsh, 1872)
    • †Thinocyon medius (Wortman, 1902)
    • †Thinocyon velox (Marsh, 1872)
  • Incertae sedis:
    • †"Thinocyon" sichowensis (Chow, 1975)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of family Limnocyonidae are shown in the following cladogram:

†Hyaenodonta	†Eoproviverra       †Boualitomidae          †Limnocyonidae             †Oxyaenodon  †Oxyaenodon dysodus    †Prolaena  †Prolaena parva  ?   ?  †"Thinocyon" sichowensis     †Limnocyon potens         †Limnocyon cuspidens     †Limnocyon verus          †Thinocyon    †Thinocyon medius     †Thinocyon velox            †Iridodon  †Iridodon datzae           †Prolimnocyon atavus     †Prolimnocyon haematus         †Prolimnocyon antiquus     †Prolimnocyon chowi     †Prolimnocyon eerius    ?  †Prolimnocyon sp. (South Pass, Green River Basin, Wyoming)       †Arfiidae       †Sinopidae       †Hyaenodontoidea         †Gazinocyon     †Pyrocyon       †Galecyon    †Afro‑Arabian clade    †Parvavorodon         †Indohyaenodontidae     †Glibzegdouia         †Koholiidae     †Tritemnodon     †Teratodontidae       †Apterodontinae       †Maocyon †Maocyon/Orienspterodon clade     †Orienspterodon         †Hyainailourinae     †Hemipsalodon    ?  †Ischnognathus   †Akhnatenavus clade     †Akhnatenavus       †"Pterodon" sp. (BC 15’08)     †Hyainailourinae sp. (UON 84-359)     †Hyainailourinae sp. C (DPC 9243 & DPC 10315)     †Hyainailourinae sp. D (DPC 6545)         †Kerberos     †"Pterodon" syrtos   †Pterodon clade     †Pterodontina             †Hyainailourinae sp. A (DPC 6555)     †"Pterodon" africanus     †Parapterodon       †"Pterodon" sp. (DPC 5036)     †"Pterodon" phiomensis   †Hyainailourini     †Paroxyaenini         †Falcatodon     †Sectisodon       †Exiguodon     †Isohyaenodon zadoki           †Isohyaenodon  (†Isohyaenodontina)   †Isohyaenodon andrewsi       †Sivapterodon     †Hyainailouros bugtiensis         †Hyainailouros napakensis   †Hyainailouros       †Hyainailouros sulzeri     †Hyainailourinae sp. (GSN AD 100’96)       †Simbakubwa         †Leakitheriini     †Megistotherium         †Mlanyama     †Metapterodontini         †Pakakali     †Prionogalidae       †Hyainailouridae

See also

• Mammal classification
• Hyaenodonta