Biology:Euwallacea perbrevis

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Short description: Species of beetle


Euwallacea perbrevis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Coleoptera
Suborder:
Phytophaga
Superfamily:
Curculionoidea
Family:
Curculionidae
Genus:
Euwallacea
Species:
E. perbrevis
Binomial name
Euwallacea perbrevis
(Schedl, 1951)
Synonyms
  • Xyleborus perbrevis Schedl, 1951
  • Xyleborus fornicatus Eichhoff, 1868
  • Euwallacea whitfordiodendrus (Schedl, 1942)
  • Xyleborus whitfordiodendrus Schedl, 1942
  • Xyleborus tapatapaoensis Schedl, 1951

Euwallacea perbrevis, commonly known as tea shot-hole borer, is a species of weevil native to South and South-East Asia through to Australia, but introduced to Western countries.[1][2]

Distribution

It is native to American Samoa, Australia, Brunei, China, India, Fiji, Indonesia (Java), Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Japan, Malaysia, Palau, Philippines, Réunion, Singapore, Taiwan, Timor, Vietnam and Thailand. It is also introduced into the United States, Hawaii, Costa Rica, and Panama.[3]

Description

Body length is about 2.3 to 2.5 mm.[4] Elytral length is 1.42 to 1.68 mm. Pronotum length is 1.04 to 1.16 mm. Pronotum with 7 to 10 socketed denticles on the edge of the protibia.[5]

Biology

A polyphagous species, they are recorded from 16 genera in 13 families.[6] It generally inhabits under bark from dead tree, sapwood, tea stems, and large tree fall trunk.[5] The primary branches formed after pruning are more susceptible to attack. Adult females disperse during the day attacking hosts in a range 30–35 m. Females bore a bifurcated or simple tunnel in the twigs or branches.[7] In small plants, one or two branch tunnels are constructed. Egg-laying starts after completing the entrance tunnel. Then the matured female lays eggs singly or in small clusters. This egg production vary with climate and country, where the broods include about 15 to 20 individuals or sometimes 34 individuals.[8]

Number of males in the brood is very low, but they develop more rapidly than females. Males cannot fly and do not normally leave the parental gallery. However, males have observed to emerge and crawl on the surface of the bark. Sometimes, males enter to a gallery and mate with the females in that gallery system. Larvae usually live in the parental galleries. Female larvae pass through three instars. After final instar stage, the larvae pupate together in the tunnels. After emergence, the young females also remain in the galleries for several days. During this period, they undergo inbreeding where they are fertilized by their brothers. Mated females emerge through the original entrance tunnel and fly to new hosts.[8]

New generation emerge about 5 to 6 weeks after the host is infested. The egg, larval and pupal stages of the species lasted about 8 to 10, 21 to 26 and 10 to 12 days, respectively. It feeds on a symbiotic fungus that is cultivated in the xylem of woody plants. Adults generally stored and carry spores of the ambrosia fungus in mycangia. Ambrosia fungus includes: Fusarium bugnicourtii, Fusarium tumidum, Fusarium rekanum, Ceratocystis fimbriata and Graphium.[8][9][10]

Host plants


References

  1. ↑ "Exotic Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the USA: Potential and Current Invaders". https://www.cabi.org/ISC/FullTextPDF/2013/20133231088.pdf. 
  2. ↑ "Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of , Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff 1868) (introduced)". https://www.barkbeetles.info/regional_chklist_target_species.php?lookUp=1964. 
  3. ↑ Gomez, Demian F.; Hulcr, Jiri; Carrillo, Daniel (2020-01-06). "Invasive Shot Hole Borers Euwallacea fornicatus, E. kuroshio, and E. perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)". EDIS 2020 (1): 7. doi:10.32473/edis-fr422-2019. https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/108207. Retrieved 2021-09-06. 
  4. ↑ "SE Asian Ambrosia Beetle ID: Fact sheet". http://idtools.org/id/wbb/sea-ambrosia/factsheet.php?name=16365. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 M. Smith, Sarah; F. Gomez, Demian; A. Beaver, Roger; Hulcr, Jiri; I. Cognato, Anthony (2019-08-22). "Reassessment of the Species in the Euwallacea Fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Complex after the Rediscovery of the "Lost" Type Specimen" (in en). Insects 10 (9): 261. doi:10.3390/insects10090261. PMID 31443370. 
  6. ↑ "Euwallacea perbrevis - Pestinfo-Wiki". https://wiki.pestinfo.org/wiki/Euwallacea_perbrevis. 
  7. ↑ "Knowledge Bank: Euwallacea perbrevis". https://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/datasheet/57163. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Euwallacea perbrevis (tea shot-hole borer)" (in en). https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/57163. 
  9. ↑ Lynn, Kira M. T.; Wingfield, Michael J.; Durán, Alvaro; Marincowitz, Seonju; Oliveira, Leonardo S. S.; de Beer, Z. Wilhelm; Barnes, Irene (2020-06-01). "Euwallacea perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a confirmed pest on Acacia crassicarpa in Riau, Indonesia, and a new fungal symbiont; Fusarium rekanum sp. nov." (in en). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 113 (6): 803–823. doi:10.1007/s10482-020-01392-8. PMID 32086683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-020-01392-8. Retrieved 2021-09-06. 
  10. ↑ Lynn, Kira M. T.; Wingfield, Michael J.; Durán, Alvaro; Marincowitz, Seonju; Oliveira, Leonardo S. S.; de Beer, Z. Wilhelm; Barnes, Irene (June 2020). "Euwallacea perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a confirmed pest on Acacia crassicarpa in Riau, Indonesia, and a new fungal symbiont; Fusarium rekanum sp. nov." (in en). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 113 (6): 803–823. doi:10.1007/s10482-020-01392-8. PMID 32086683. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10482-020-01392-8. Retrieved 2021-09-06. 

Wikidata ☰ Q108438478 entry




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