Biology:Cryphalus saltuarius
| Cryphalus saltuarius | |
|---|---|
| File:Cryphalus saltuarius Imago.JPG | |
| Dorsal and side view of Cryphalus saltuarius | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Infraorder: | Cucujiformia |
| Family: | Curculionidae |
| Genus: | Cryphalus |
| Species: | C. saltuarius
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| Binomial name | |
| Cryphalus saltuarius Weise, 1891[1]
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| Synonyms | |
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Cryphalus saltuarius is a small bark beetle (subfamily Scolytinae, family Curculionidae), around 1.8 mm long, that infests mainly spruce trees (Picea), less often other conifers. It has been recorded mainly from northern Europe and is occasionally regarded as a secondary pest. However, it attacks primarily weakened and freshly dead branches of its host trees.[1]
Description
The adult beetle is between 1.7 and 2.0 mm long (average 1.8 mm) and 2.3x longer than wide. The colour is dark brown to black. It is characterized by the morphology of its antennae, the pronotum, the elytra and the male aedeagus. Cryphalus saltuarius is similar to Cryphalus asperatus and can be confused with that species. However, C. saltuarius is slightly larger and can be separated by lacking hair on most parts of the scutellum as well as by the shape and size of the aedeagus.[1]
Distribution
Cryphalus saltuarius is common in Scandinavia and has been also reported from other parts of Europe. However, it is less often found in central and southern Europe and seems to be mainly confined to mountainous areas there. Further, it has been reported from northern parts of Asia up to China and far eastern Russia.[1][3]
Biology
The main host trees of Cryphalus saltuarius are Norway spruce (Picea abies) and other Picea species. Other conifers like pine (Pinus) and fir (Abies) are less often used. C. saltuarius prefers to attack weakened trees, infesting small branches with a thin bark. Also, freshly dead branches and young trees can be attacked. Even in northern Europe where it is common, it has been only occasionally reported to cause significant damage to already weakened host trees.[1]
In Scandinavia, the life cycle of Cryphalus saltuarius extends over two years. The adult beetles disperse during the summer, mate and females lay eggs under the bark. The emerging larvae feed under the bark on the phloem and cambium, hibernate during the winter and complete their development during the coming year. The newly developed adult beetles then hibernate during the second winter and emerge the following summer.[1][4]
See also
Cryphalus saltuarius in the German Wikipedia
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Justesen, Mathias Just; Hansen, Aslak Kappel; Knížek, Miloš; Lindelow, Åke; Solodovnikov, Alexey; Ravn, Hans Peter (2023). "Taxonomic reappraisal of the European fauna of the bark beetle genus Cryphalus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)". ZooKeys (1179): 63–105. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1179.101388. PMID 37719775. Bibcode: 2023ZooK.1179...63J.
- ↑ Johnson, Andrew J.; Hulcr, Jiri; Knížek, Miloš; Atkinson, Thomas H.; Mandelshtam, Michail Yu; Smith, Sarah M.; Cognato, Anthony I.; Park, Sangwook et al. (2020). "Revision of the bark beetle genera within the former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)". Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (3): 1–81. doi:10.1093/isd/ixaa002.
- ↑ "Cryphalus saltuarius Weise, 1891". https://www.gbif.org/species/1212233.
- ↑ Peltonen, Mikko; Heliövaara, Kari (1998). "Incidence of Xylechinus pilosus and Cryphalus saltuarius (Scolytidae) in forest-clearcut edges". Forest Ecology and Management 103 (2–3): 141–147. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00187-4.
Wikidata ☰ Q820422 entry
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