Astronomy:List of exoplanets detected by microlensing

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This is a list of exoplanets detected by gravitational microlensing. The phenomenon results in the background star's light being warped around a foreground object, causing a distorted image. If the foreground object is a star with an orbiting planet, we would observe an abnormally bright image. By comparing the luminosity and light distortion of the background star to theoretical models, we can estimate the planet's mass and the distance from its star.

The least massive planet detected by microlensing is KMT-2020-BLG-0414Lb, which has about the same mass as Earth. The widest separation between a planet and a star is OGLE-2008-BLG-092Lb, which is ~15 AU; the shortest separation is MOA-2015-BLG-337Lb, which is 0.24 AU. There are 7 known multi-planetary systems detected by microlensing, all of which have two planets.[1]

List

Yellow rows denote the members of multi-planet systems.

Planet Mass ([[Astronomy:Jupiter mass J}}}}}}]]) Projected separation (AU) Period (d) Eccentricity Inclination (°) Year of discovery
OGLE-2003-BLG-235Lb 2.6 5.1 2004[2][3]
OGLE-2005-BLG-071Lb 3.5 3.6 ~ 3600 2005[4][5]
OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb 0.017 2.1 3500 2005[6]
OGLE-2005-BLG-169Lb 0.04 2.8 3300 2006[7]
OGLE-2006-BLG-109Lb 0.727 2.3 1790 64 2008[8]
OGLE-2006-BLG-109Lc 0.271 4.5 4931 0.15 64 2008[8]
MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb 0.01 0.66 2008[9]
MOA-2007-BLG-400Lb 0.9 0.85 2008[10]
MOA-2008-BLG-310Lb 0.23 1.25 2009[11]
OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb 0.0694 3.3 2009[12]
MOA-2009-BLG-319Lb 0.157 2.0 2010[13]
MOA-2009-BLG-387Lb 2.6 1.8 1970 2011[14]
MOA-2009-BLG-266Lb 0.0327 3.2 2780 2011[15]
MOA-2011-BLG-293Lb 2.4 1.0 2012[16]
MOA-bin-1Lb 3.7 8.3 2012[17]
MOA-2010-BLG-477Lb 1.5 2±1 2012[18]
OGLE-2012-BLG-0026Lb 0.11 3.82 ~3000 2012[19]
OGLE-2012-BLG-0026Lc 0.68 4.63 ~4000 2012[19]
MOA-2010-BLG-073Lb 11 1.21 2012[20]
OGLE-2011-BLG-0251Lb 0.53±0.21 2.72±0.75 or 1.5±0.5 2013[21]
OGLE-2012-BLG-0406Lb 2.73±0.43 3.45±0.26 2013[22]
OGLE-2012-BLG-0358Lb 1.9±0.2 0.87 2013[23]
MOA-2010-BLG-328Lb 0.03 ± 0.0075 0.92 2013[24]
MOA-2011-BLG-322Lb 11.6 4.3 2013[25]
MOA-2008-BLG-379Lb 5±2.5 4±1.6 2013[26]
MOA-2011-BLG-262Lb[note 1] ~0.053 or ~0.0015 ~0.95 or ~0.13 2013[27]
MOA-2013-BLG-220Lb 2.74 3.03 2014[28][29]
OGLE-2008-BLG-355Lb 4.6 1.7 2014[30]
OGLE-2013-BLG-0341LBb 0.00522 0.702 2014[31]
OGLE-2013-BLG-0102Lb 13.6 0.8 2014[32]
OGLE-2008-BLG-092Lb 0.137 ~18 2014[33]
OGLE-2014-BLG-0124Lb 0.51±0.16 3.1±0.5 ~2400 2014[34]
OGLE-2011-BLG-0265Lb 1.0 ± 0.3 2 2014[35]
OGLE-2012-BLG-0563Lb 0.39 0.74 2015[36]
OGLE-2015-BLG-0966Lb 0.066 2.7 2015[37]
MOA-2010-BLG-353Lb 0.27 1.72 2015[38]
MOA-2013-BLG-605Lb 0.0102 0.93 2015[39]
MOA-2011-BLG-028Lb 0.09 4.14 2015[40]
OGLE-2015-BLG-0954Lb 3.4 1.6 2016[41]
OGLE-2014-BLG-1760Lb 0.56 1.75 2016[42]
OGLE-2012-BLG-0724Lb 0.47 1.6 2016[43]
OGLE-2015-BLG-0051Lb 0.72 0.73 2016[44]
OGLE-2012-BLG-0950Lb 0.079 2.2 2016[45]
OGLE-2007-BLG-349L(AB)c 0.25 2.59 2557 2016[46]
OGLE-2014-BLG-0676Lb 3.68 4.53 2016[47]
OGLE-2016-BLG-1195Lb 0.0312 2.62 2017[48][49]
MOA-2012-BLG-505Lb 0.0211 0.9 2017[50]
MOA-2012-BLG-006Lb 8.4 10.2 2017[51]
MOA-2016-BLG-227Lb 2.8 1.39 2017[52]
OGLE-2013-BLG-0132Lb 0.29 3.6 2017[53]
OGLE-2013-BLG-1721Lb 0.64 2.6 2017[53]
OGLE-2016-BLG-0263Lb 4.1 5.4 2017[54]
OGLE-2016-BLG-0613L(AB)b 4.18 6.4 2017[55]
OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb 13.38 2.17 1220 0.42 41.2 2017[56]
OGLE-2017-BLG-1434Lb 0.014±0.0016 1.18±0.1 2018Udalski, A. et al. (2018). "OGLE-2017-BLG-1434Lb: Eighth q<1×10-4 Mass-Ratio Microlens Planet Confirms Turnover in Planet Mass-Ratio Function". Acta Astronomica 68 (1). doi:10.32023/0001-5237/68.1.1. 
MOA-bin-29Lb 0.6 0.48 2019[57]
KMT-2020-BLG-0414Lb 0.00381 1.79 2021Zang, Weicheng et al. (2021). "An Earth-mass planet in a time of COVID-19: KMT-2020-BLG-0414Lb". Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 21 (9): 239. doi:10.1088/1674-4527/21/9/239. 
KMT-2019-BLG-0371Lb 7.7 0.79 2021[58]

Candidate rogue planets

A number of candidate rogue planets have been detected by microlensing.

Planet Mass Year of discovery
MOA-2011-BLG-274L 0.8000 0.8±0.3 Jupiter mass 2014[59]
OGLE-2016-BLG-1540L 0.1101 ~35 M⊕ 2017[60]
OGLE-2012-BLG-1323L 0.0072 ~2.3 M⊕ 2018[61]
OGLE-2017-BLG-0560L 1.9000 ~1.9 Jupiter mass 2018[61]
OGLE-2019-BLG-0551L 0.0242 ~7.7 M⊕ 2020[62]
KMT-2019-BLG-2073L 0.1857 ~59 M⊕ 2020[63]
OGLE-2016-BLG-1928L 0.0009 ~0.3 M⊕ 2020[64]
KMT-2017-BLG-2820L 0.0258 ~8.2 M⊕ 2020[65]

Unconfirmed detections

Some microlensing events, such as MACHO-98-BLG-35 and PA-99-N2, suggest the possible presence of a planetary companion to the lensing star, but this is unconfirmed. Since microlensing relies on a one-time chance alignment, it is likely not possible to confirm these detections.

In some cases, a planetary interpretation for a microlensing event was proposed, but has been disproven. MACHO-1997-BLG-41 was initially interpreted as a binary star system orbited by a circumbinary planet, but a different model with two stars and no planet was later found to be a better fit to the data. Similarly, OGLE-2013-BLG-0723L was initially interpreted as a binary system of a star and a brown dwarf, with a low-mass planet orbiting the brown dwarf, but a model where the system consists of two low-mass stars with no planet was found to be a better fit to the data.[66]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The nature of the observed system is unclear. It is either a rogue planet with about 3.2 MJ masses and a 0.5 M⊕ exomoon or a red dwarf with 18 M⊕ planet.

References

  1. ↑ "Planetary Systems Composite Data". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&config=PSCompPars. Retrieved 19 February 2023. 
  2. ↑ Bond, I. A. et al. (2004). "OGLE 2003-BLG-235/MOA 2003-BLG-53: A Planetary Microlensing Event". The Astrophysical Journal 606 (2): L155–L158. doi:10.1086/420928. Bibcode: 2004ApJ...606L.155B. 
  3. ↑ Bennett, David P. et al. (2006). "Identification of the OGLE-2003-BLG-235/MOA-2003-BLG-53 Planetary Host Star". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 647 (2): L171–L174. doi:10.1086/507585. Bibcode: 2006ApJ...647L.171B. 
  4. ↑ Udalski, A. et al. (2005). "A Jovian-Mass Planet in Microlensing Event OGLE-2005-BLG-071". The Astrophysical Journal 628 (2): L109–L112. doi:10.1086/432795. Bibcode: 2005ApJ...628L.109U. 
  5. ↑ Dong, Subo et al. (2009). "OGLE-2005-BLG-071Lb, the Most Massive M Dwarf Planetary Companion?". The Astrophysical Journal 695 (2): 970–987. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/970. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...695..970D. 
  6. ↑ Beaulieu, J.-P. et al. (January 2006). "Discovery of a cool planet of 5.5 Earth masses through gravitational microlensing". Nature 439 (7075): 437–440. doi:10.1038/nature04441. PMID 16437108. Bibcode: 2006Natur.439..437B. 
  7. ↑ Gould, A. et al. (2006). "Microlens OGLE-2005-BLG-169 Implies That Cool Neptune-like Planets Are Common". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 644 (1): L37–L40. doi:10.1086/505421. Bibcode: 2006ApJ...644L..37G. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Gaudi, B.S. et al. (2008). "Discovery of a Jupiter/Saturn Analog with Gravitational Microlensing". Science 319 (5865): 927–930. doi:10.1126/science.1151947. PMID 18276883. Bibcode: 2008Sci...319..927G. 
  9. ↑ Bennett, D. P. et al. (2008). "A Low-Mass Planet with a Possible Sub-Stellar-Mass Host in Microlensing Event MOA-2007-BLG-192". The Astrophysical Journal 684 (1): 663–683. doi:10.1086/589940. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...684..663B. 
  10. ↑ Dong, Subo et al. (2009). "Microlensing Event MOA-2007-BLG-400: Exhuming the Buried Signature of a Cool, Jovian-Mass Planet". The Astrophysical Journal 698 (2): 1826–1837. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1826. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...698.1826D. 
  11. ↑ Janczak, Julia et al. (2010). "Sub-Saturn Planet MOA-2008-BLG-310Lb: Likely To Be In The Galactic Bulge". The Astrophysical Journal 711 (2): 731–743. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/711/2/731. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...711..731J. 
  12. ↑ Sumi, T. et al. (2010). "A Cold Neptune-Mass Planet OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb: Cold Neptunes Are Common". The Astrophysical Journal 710 (2): 1641–1653. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1641. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...710.1641S. 
  13. ↑ Miyake, N. et al. (2011). "A Sub-Saturn Mass Planet, MOA-2009-BLG-319Lb". The Astrophysical Journal 728 (2): article number 120. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/728/2/120. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...728..120M. http://authors.library.caltech.edu/23045/1/Miyake2011p13143Astrophys_J.pdf. 
  14. ↑ Batista, Virginie et al. (2011). "MOA-2009-BLG-387Lb: A massive planet orbiting an M dwarf". Astronomy and Astrophysics 529: A102. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016111. Bibcode: 2011A&A...529A.102B.  Data catalog: Bibcode: 2011yCat..35299102B
  15. ↑ Muraki, Y. et al. (2011). "Discovery and Mass Measurements of a Cold, 10 Earth Mass Planet and Its Host Star". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (1): 22. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/1/22. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...22M. 
  16. ↑ Yee, J. C. et al. (2012). "MOA-2011-BLG-293Lb: A TEST OF PURE SURVEY MICROLENSING PLANET DETECTIONS". The Astrophysical Journal 755 (2): 102. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/755/2/102. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...755..102Y. 
  17. ↑ Bennett, D. P.; Sumi, T.; Bond, I. A.; Kamiya, K.; Abe, F.; Botzler, C. S.; Fukui, A.; Furusawa, K. et al. (2012). "Planetary and Other Short Binary Microlensing Events from the Moa Short-Event Analysis". The Astrophysical Journal 757 (2): 119. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/757/2/119. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...757..119B. 
  18. ↑ Bachelet, E. et al. (2012). "MOA 2010-BLG-477Lb: CONSTRAINING THE MASS OF a MICROLENSING PLANET FROM MICROLENSING PARALLAX, ORBITAL MOTION, AND DETECTION OF BLENDED LIGHT". The Astrophysical Journal 754 (1): 73. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/754/1/73. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...754...73B. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Han, C. et al. (2013). "THE SECOND MULTIPLE-PLANET SYSTEM DISCOVERED BY MICROLENSING: OGLE-2012-BLG-0026Lb, c—A PAIR OF JOVIAN PLANETS BEYOND THE SNOW LINE". The Astrophysical Journal 762 (2): L28. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/762/2/L28. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...762L..28H. 
  20. ↑ Street, R. A. et al. (2013). "Moa-2010-BLG-073L: An M-Dwarf with a Substellar Companion at the Planet/Brown Dwarf Boundary". The Astrophysical Journal 763 (1): 67. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/763/1/67. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...763...67S. 
  21. ↑ Kains, N. et al. (2013). "A giant planet beyond the snow line in microlensing event OGLE-2011-BLG-0251". Astronomy & Astrophysics 552: A70. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220626. Bibcode: 2013A&A...552A..70K. 
  22. ↑ Poleski, Radosław; Udalski, Andrzej; Dong, Subo; Szymański, Michał K.; Soszyński, Igor; Kubiak, Marcin; Pietrzyński, Grzegorz; Kozłowski, Szymon et al. (2014). "SUPER-MASSIVE PLANETS AROUND LATE-TYPE STARS—THE CASE OF OGLE-2012-BLG-0406Lb". The Astrophysical Journal 782 (1): 47. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/782/1/47. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...782...47P. 
  23. ↑ Han, C. et al. (2013). "Microlensing Discovery of a Tight, Low-Mass-Ratio Planetary-Mass Object Around an Old Field Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal 778 (1): 38. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/778/1/38. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...778...38H. 
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  25. ↑ Shvartzvald, Y. et al. (2014). "MOA-2011-BLG-322Lb: A 'second generation survey' microlensing planet". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 439: 604–610. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt2477. 
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  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Mróz, Przemek et al. (2017). "OGLE-2013-BLG-0132Lb and OGLE-2013-BLG-1721Lb: Two Saturn-mass Planets Discovered around M-dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal 154 (5): 205. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa8f98. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154..205M. 
  54. ↑ Han, C. et al. (2017). "OGLE-2016-BLG-0263Lb: Microlensing Detection of a Very Low-mass Binary Companion through a Repeating Event Channel". The Astronomical Journal 154 (4): 133. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa859a. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154..133H. 
  55. ↑ Han, C. et al. (2017). "OGLE-2016-BLG-0613LABb: A Microlensing Planet in a Binary System". The Astronomical Journal 154 (6): 223. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa9179. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154..223H. 
  56. ↑ Ryu, Y.-H. et al. (2017). "OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb: The FirstSpitzer Bulge Planet Lies Near the Planet/Brown-dwarf Boundary". The Astronomical Journal 155: 40. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa9be4. 
  57. ↑ Kondo, Iona et al. (2019). "MOA-bin-29b: A Microlensing Gas-giant Planet Orbiting a Low-mass Host Star". The Astronomical Journal 158 (6): 224. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab4e9e. Bibcode: 2019AJ....158..224K. 
  58. ↑ Kim, Yun Hak et al. (2021). "KMT-2019-BLG-0371 and the Limits of Bayesian Analysis". The Astronomical Journal 162 (1): 17. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abf930. Bibcode: 2021AJ....162...17K. 
  59. ↑ Freeman, M.; Philpott, L. C.; Abe, F.; Albrow, M. D.; Bennett, D. P.; Bond, I. A.; Botzler, C. S.; Bray, J. C. et al. (2014). "Can the masses of isolated planetary-mass gravitational lenses be measured by terrestrial parallax?". The Astrophysical Journal 799 (2): 181. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/799/2/181. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...799..181F. 
  60. ↑ Mróz, Przemek et al. (2018). "A Neptune-mass Free-floating Planet Candidate Discovered by Microlensing Surveys". The Astronomical Journal 155 (3): 121. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaaae9. Bibcode: 2018AJ....155..121M. 
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 Mróz, Przemek et al. (2019). "Two new free-floating or wide-orbit planets from microlensing". Astronomy & Astrophysics 622: A201. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834557. Bibcode: 2019A&A...622A.201M. 
  62. ↑ Mróz, Przemek et al. (2020). "A Free-floating or Wide-orbit Planet in the Microlensing Event OGLE-2019-BLG-0551". The Astronomical Journal 159 (6): 262. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab8aeb. Bibcode: 2020AJ....159..262M. 
  63. ↑ Kim, Hyoun-Woo; Hwang, Kyu-Ha; Gould, Andrew; Yee, Jennifer C.; Ryu, Yoon-Hyun; Albrow, Michael D.; Chung, Sun-Ju; Han, Cheongho et al. (2021). "KMT-2019-BLG-2073: Fourth Free-floating Planet Candidate with θ e < 10 μas". The Astronomical Journal 162 (1): 15. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abfc4a. Bibcode: 2021AJ....162...15K. 
  64. ↑ Mróz, Przemek et al. (2020). "A Terrestrial-mass Rogue Planet Candidate Detected in the Shortest-timescale Microlensing Event". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 903 (1): L11. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abbfad. Bibcode: 2020ApJ...903L..11M. 
  65. ↑ Ryu, Yoon-Hyun et al. (2021). "KMT-2017-BLG-2820 and the Nature of the Free-floating Planet Population". The Astronomical Journal 161 (3): 126. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd55f. Bibcode: 2021AJ....161..126R. 
  66. ↑ Han, Cheongho; Bennett, David P.; Udalski, Andrzej; Jung, Youn Kil (2016). "A New Nonplanetary Interpretation of the Microlensing Event Ogle-2013-BLG-0723". The Astrophysical Journal 825 (1): 8. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/825/1/8. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...825....8H. 

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