Astronomy:List of coolest stars

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This is a list of coolest stars and brown dwarfs discovered, arranged by decreasing temperature. The stars with temperatures lower than 2,000 K are included.

Kirkpatrick et al. 2021[1] has a more complete list of nearby objects with a temperature below 2,400 K. Objects with a temperature below 500 K from this paper were included in this list.

List

Star name Temperature

(K)

Spectral type Distance (light years) Notes
WISE J0855-0714 225–260[2] Y4 7.27±0.13
WISE 0336-0143B[3] 295±10[4] Y1? 32.7[1] spectral type is not yet published, but should be around Y1 if we assume MIRI F480M is similar to W2 and by using Figure 13 from Kirkpatrick et al. 2012[5] Might be a later spectral type.
WISEA 0830+2837 300-350[6] >Y1[1] 26.87[1] uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0238-1332[1] 367±79 >Y1 58.66 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0402-2651[1] 367±79 >Y1 39.53 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
WISEU 0503-5648[1] 367±79 >Y1 33.18 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0940+5233[1] 367±79 >Y1 43.49 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
WISEA 1257+7153[1] 367±79 >Y1 54.18 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 1446-2317[1] 367±79 >Y1 37.75 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
WISEA 1930-2059[1] 367±79 >Y1 30.67 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 1935-1546[1] 367±79 >Y1 47.06 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 2230+2549[1] 367±79 >Y1 52.44 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 2256+4002[1] 367±79 >Y1 32.04 spectral type is an estimate
CFBDSIR 1458+10B 370 Y0 104
WISE 0825+2805[1] 376±88 Y0.5 21.37
WD 0806-661B[1] 377±88 Y1 62.80 spectral type is an estimate
WISE 0350-5658[1] 388±88 Y1 18.49
WISEA 2354+0240[1] 388±88 Y1 24.97
WISE 2209+2711[1] 389±88 Y0: 20.17
WISE 0647-6232[1] 393±88 Y1 32.78
WISEPA 1541-2250[1] 395±88 Y1 19.54
WISE 1828+2650 406±88[1] Y2V[7] 32.5 Temperature could be lower. If it is a binary, its components could be as cold as about 275-350 K.[8]
WISE 0535-7500[1] 410±88 >=Y1: 47.48
WISE 1405+5534 411±88[1] Y0.5(pec?)[1] 20.62
CWISEP 0321+6932[1] 412±79 Y0.5 47.61 spectral type is an estimate
WISE 1639-6847[1] 412±88 Y0pec 14.85
CWISEP 2356-4814[1] 412±79 Y0.5 56.62 spectral type is an estimate
WISE 0336-0143A[3] 440±24[9] Y0[1] 32.7[1]
WISEPA 1738+2732[1] 450±88 Y0 24.92
WISEPA 0410+1502[1] 451±88 Y0 21.56
WISE 2220-3628[1] 452±88 Y0 34.15
WISE 1534-1043 453±77[10] sdY? 53 possibly halo brown dwarf
WISE 1206+8401[1] 454±88 Y0 38.51
WISE 0146+4234B[1] 460±79 Y0 63.09
WISEA 0302-5817[1] 460±79 Y0: 54.45
CWISEP 0634+5049[1] 460±79 Y0 52.61 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0859+5349[1] 460±79 Y0 60.62 spectral type is an estimate
CWISE 0925-4720[1] 460±79 Y0 34.96 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0938+0634[1] 460±79 Y0 61.31 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 1047+5457[1] 460±79 Y0 43.37 spectral type is an estimate
CWISE 1121-6232[1] 460±79 Y0 33.69 spectral type is an estimate
WISEA 1141-3326[1] 460±79 Y0 31.36
WISE 1217+1626 B 460±79[1] Y0-0.5 33
CWISE 1531-3306[1] 460±79 Y0 55.37 spectral type is an estimate
WISENF 1936+0408[1] 460±79 Y0 28.64 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 2011-4812[1] 460±79 Y0 45.94 spectral type is an estimate
WISEA 2243-1458[1] 460±79 Y0 47,75 spectral type is an estimate
WISE 1112-3857[1] 461±88 T9 31.79
WISE 0734-7157[1] 462±88 Y0 43.78
WISE 0713-2917[1] 464±88 Y0 29.84
WISEPC 2056+1459[1] 464±88 Y0 23.16
WISE 0304-2705[1] 465±88 Y0~pec 44.62
WISE 0359-5401 467+16
−18[11] 		Y0[1] 44.31[1]
WISE 0943+3607[1] 468±88 T9.5 33.59
WISE 0833+0052[1] 472±88 (sd)T9 40.92 possible subdwarf
WISE 1542+2230[1] 472±88 T9.5 38.69
WISE 0811-8051[1] 479±88 T9.5: 32.91
WISEPA 2134-7137[1] 481±88 T9~pec 29.73 possible subdwarf
WISE 2212-6931[1] 487±88 T9 40.47
WISEPA 0751-7634[1] 492±88 T9 33.32
WISE 0335+4310[1] 492±88 T9 38.46
WISE 1217+1626 A 575 T8.5-9 33
UGPS J0521+3640 600–650 T8.5 26.7
2MASS 0939-2448 A/B 650[12] T8 17.4±0.4
2MASS 0415-0935 764 T8V 18.6±0.2
54 Piscium B 810 ± 50 T7.5V 36.32±0.02 [13]
2M 1237+6526 850[14] T6.5 46
2MASS J0348−6022 880 T7[15] 27.2
SCR 1845-6357B 950 T6 13.050±0.008
Epsilon Indi Bb 993 T6 12.05
2MASS 0243-2453 1,050 T6 35±1
Cha 110913-773444 1,350 M9.5 529
Epsilon Indi Ba 1,353 T1-1.5 12.05
2MASS 0036+1821 1,650 L3.5 28.51±0.05
2MASS 1507-1627 1,650 L5 24.12±0.06
OTS 44 1,700 M9.5 554
GD 165 B 1,755[16] L4[17] 109
S Cassiopeiae 1,800 S3,4–S5,8 3,100±300
V384 Persei 1,820[18] N
DENIS-P J1058.7−1548 1,850[19] L3 49
T Draconis 1,850[18] C6,2e
V346 Puppis 1,875[18] C
2MASS J0523-1403 1,939[20] L2.5V 41.62 The coolest main sequence star known as of 2023.
S Aurigae 1,940[18] C-N5+
V1426 Cygni 1,975[18] C7,2e

See also


References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.59 1.60 1.61 1.62 Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Caselden, Dan; Schneider, Adam C.; Marocco, Federico; Cayago, Alfred J. et al. (2021-03-01). "The Field Substellar Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20-pc Census of 525 L, T, and Y Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 253 (1): 7. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abd107. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2021ApJS..253....7K. 
  2. ↑ Clavin, Whitney; Harrington, J. D. (25 April 2014). "NASA's Spitzer and WISE Telescopes Find Close, Cold Neighbor of Sun". NASA.gov. http://www.nasa.gov/jpl/wise/spitzer-coldest-brown-dwarf-20140425/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Calissendorff, Per; De Furio, Matthew; Meyer, Michael; Albert, Loïc; Aganze, Christian; Ali-Dib, Mohamad; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Baron, Frederique et al. (2023-04-01). "JWST/NIRCam Discovery of the First Y+Y Brown Dwarf Binary: WISE J033605.05-014350.4". The Astrophysical Journal 947 (2): L30. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acc86d. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2023ApJ...947L..30C. 
  4. ↑ Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, Pascal (25 Sep 2023). "The First Y Dwarf Data From JWST Show That Dynamic and Diabatic Processes Regulate Cold Brown Dwarf Atmospheres". ApJ. 
  5. ↑ Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Mace, Gregory N.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L. et al. (2012-07-01). "Further Defining Spectral Type "Y" and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal 753 (2): 156. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/156. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...753..156K. 
  6. ↑ Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Schneider, Adam C.; Meisner, Aaron; Caselden, Dan; Colin, Guillaume; Goodman, Sam; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy et al. (2020-06-01). "WISEA J083011.95+283716.0: A Missing Link Planetary-mass Object". The Astrophysical Journal 895 (2): 145. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8d25. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2020ApJ...895..145B. 
  7. ↑ Beichman, Charles A.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Barman, Travis S.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Wright, E. L. (2013-01-29). "The Coldest Brown Dwarf (Or Free Floating Planet)?: The Y Dwarf WISE 1828+2650". The Astrophysical Journal 764 (1): 101. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/764/1/101. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...764..101B. 
  8. ↑ Cushing, Michael C.; Schneider, Adam C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Morley, Caroline V.; Marley, Mark S.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Mace, Gregory N.; Wright, Edward L. et al. (2021-10-01). "An Improved Near-infrared Spectrum of the Archetype Y Dwarf WISEP J182831.08+265037.8". The Astrophysical Journal 920 (1): 20. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac12cb. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...920...20C. 
  9. ↑ Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, Pascal (25 Sep 2023). "The First Y Dwarf Data From JWST Show That Dynamic and Diabatic Processes Regulate Cold Brown Dwarf Atmospheres". ApJ. 
  10. ↑ Meisner, Aaron M.; Leggett, S. K.; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Schneider, Adam C.; Tremblin, Pascal; Phillips, Mark (2023-08-01). "Exploring the Extremes: Characterizing a New Population of Old and Cold Brown Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal 166 (2): 57. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acdb68. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2023AJ....166...57M. 
  11. ↑ Beiler, Samuel A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Marley, Mark S. (2023-07-01). "The First JWST Spectral Energy Distribution of a Y Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal 951 (2): L48. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace32c. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2023ApJ...951L..48B. 
  12. ↑ Leggett, Sandy K.; Cushing, Michael C.; Saumon, Didier; Marley, Mark S.; Roellig, Thomas L.; Warren, Stephen J.; Burningham, Ben; Jones, Hugh R. A. et al. (2009). "The Physical Properties of Four ~600 K T Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal 695 (2): 1517–1526. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1517. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...695.1517L. 
  13. ↑ Luhman, K. L.; Patten, B. M.; Marengo, M.; Schuster, M. T.; Hora, J. L.; Ellis, R. G.; Stauffer, J. R.; Sonnett, S. M. et al. (January 2007). "Discovery of Two T Dwarf Companions with the Spitzer Space Telescope". The Astrophysical Journal 654 (1): 570–579. doi:10.1086/509073. ISSN 0004-637X. 
  14. ↑ Liebert; Burgasser (2007). "On the Nature of the Unique Hα-emitting T Dwarf 2MASS J12373919+6526148". Astronomy & Astrophysics 655 (1): 522–527. doi:10.1086/509882. Bibcode: 2007ApJ...655..522L. 
  15. ↑ Tannock, Megan E.; Metchev, Stanimir; Heinze, Aren; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Gagné, Jonathan; Burgasser, Adam; Marley, Mark S.; Apai, Dániel et al. (2021-05-01). "Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-Cool Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal 161 (5): 224. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abeb67. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2021AJ....161..224T. 
  16. ↑ Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (2015-09-10). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". The Astrophysical Journal 810 (2): 158. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 1538-4357. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...810..158F. 
  17. ↑ Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Reid, I. Neill; Liebert, James; Cutri, Roc M.; Nelson, Brant; Beichman, Charles A.; Dahn, Conard C.; Monet, David G. et al. (1999-07-01). "Dwarfs Cooler than M: The Definition of Spectral Type L Using Discoveries from the 2 Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astrophysical Journal 519 (2): 802–833. doi:10.1086/307414. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1999ApJ...519..802K. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Bergeat, J.; Chevallier, L. (2005). "The mass loss of C-rich giants". Astronomy and Astrophysics 429: 235–246. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041280. Bibcode: 2005A&A...429..235B. 
  19. ↑ Heinze, Aren N.; Metchev, Stanimir; Apai, Daniel; Flateau, Davin; Kurtev, Radostin; Marley, Mark; Radigan, Jacqueline; Burgasser, Adam J. et al. (2013-04-08). "Weather on Other Worlds I: Detection of Periodic Variability in the L3 Dwarf DENIS-P J1058.7-1548 with Precise Multi-Wavelength Photometry". The Astrophysical Journal 767 (2): 173. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/767/2/173. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...767..173H. 
  20. ↑ Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (2015-09-10). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". The Astrophysical Journal 810 (2): 158. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 1538-4357. http://arxiv.org/abs/1508.01767. 



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