View source for Template:Affinities of estrogen receptor ligands for the ERα and ERβ

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|+ class="nowrap" | {{Navbar|Affinities of estrogen receptor ligands for the ERα and ERβ|mini=y}} {{Font|size=104%|<noinclude>[[Affinity (pharmacology)|Affinities]]</noinclude><includeonly>Affinities</includeonly> of <noinclude>[[Biology:Estrogen receptor|estrogen receptor]]</noinclude><includeonly>estrogen receptor</includeonly> <noinclude>[[Biology:Ligand (biochemistry)|ligand]]s</noinclude><includeonly>ligands</includeonly> for the <noinclude>[[ERα]]</noinclude><includeonly>ERα</includeonly> and <noinclude>[[ERβ]]</noinclude><includeonly>ERβ</includeonly>}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Biology:Ligand (biochemistry)|Ligand]] !! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Other names !! colspan="2" | [[Relative binding affinity|Relative binding affinities]] (RBA, %)<sup>a</sup> !! colspan="2" | [[Absolute binding affinity|Absolute binding affinities]] (K<sub>i</sub>, nM)<sup>a</sup> !! rowspan="2" | Action
|-
! {{No selflink|ERα}} !! {{No selflink|ERβ}} !! {{No selflink|ERα}} !! {{No selflink|ERβ}}
|-
| {{No selflink|Estradiol (medication)|Estradiol}} || E2; 17β-Estradiol || 100 || 100 || {{Median|0.04|0.10|0.13|0.24}} (0.04–0.24) || {{Median|0.10|0.12|0.18|2.08}} (0.10–2.08) || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Estrone (medication)|Estrone}} || E1; 17-Ketoestradiol || {{Median|0.7|2.1|4.0|4.6|6.7|6.7|8|10|22.78|26|28|44|44.7|45|47.06|60}} (0.7–60) || {{Median|1.36|2.0|3.5|5|6.5|22.51|24.1|37|52}} (1.36–52) || {{Median|0.3|0.38|0.51|1.01}} (0.3–1.01) || {{Median|0.35|0.4|3.1|9.24}} (0.35–9.24) || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Estriol (medication)|Estriol}} || E3; 16α-OH-17β-E2 || {{Median|4.03|6.5|7.0|7.1|11|11.3|14|28|33|33.1|53.33|56}} (4.03–56) || {{Median|14.0|17.6|21|26|35|44.6|82.86}} (14.0–44.6) || {{Median|0.35|0.45|1.4}} (0.35–1.4) || {{Median|0.63|0.7|2.51}} (0.63–0.7) || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Estetrol (medication)|Estetrol}} || E4; 15α,16α-Di-OH-17β-E2 || 4.0 || 3.0 || 4.9 || 19 || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Alfatradiol}} || 17α-Estradiol || {{Median|7|7.4|11.8|18.48|19|22|58|75|79.4|80.1}} (7–80.1) || {{Median|2|3|5.39|11|22.8|42}} (2–42) || 0.2–0.52 || 0.43–1.2 || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|16-Epiestriol}} || 16β-Hydroxy-17β-estradiol || {{Median|4.94|7.59|8.0|63}} (4.94–63) || 50 || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|17-Epiestriol}} || 16α-Hydroxy-17α-estradiol || {{Median|29|39.9|71|103}} (29–103) || 79–80 || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|16,17-Epiestriol}} || 16β-Hydroxy-17α-estradiol || 1.0 || 13 || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|2-Hydroxyestradiol}} || 2-OH-E2 || {{Median|7|22|81}} (7–81) || 11–35 || 2.5 || 1.3 || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|2-Methoxyestradiol}} || 2-MeO-E2 || 0.0027–2.0 || 1.0 || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|4-Hydroxyestradiol}} || 4-OH-E2 || {{Median|8|13|70}} (8–70) || 7–56 || 1.0 || 1.9 || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|4-Methoxyestradiol}} || 4-MeO-E2 || 2.0 || 1.0 || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|2-Hydroxyestrone}} || 2-OH-E1 || 2.0–4.0 || 0.2–0.4 || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|2-Methoxyestrone}} || 2-MeO-E1 || <0.001–<1 || <1 || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|4-Hydroxyestrone}} || 4-OH-E1 || 1.0–2.0 || 1.0 || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|4-Methoxyestrone}} || 4-MeO-E1 || <1 || <1 || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|16α-Hydroxyestrone}} || 16α-OH-E1; 17-Ketoestriol || 2.0–6.5 || 35 || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|2-Hydroxyestriol}} || 2-OH-E3 || 2.0 || 1.0 || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|4-Methoxyestriol}} || 4-MeO-E3 || 1.0 || 1.0 || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|Estradiol sulfate}} || E2S; Estradiol 3-sulfate || <1 || <1 || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|Estradiol disulfate}} || Estradiol 3,17β-disulfate || 0.0004 || ? || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|Estradiol 3-glucuronide}} || E2-3G || 0.0079 || ? || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|Estradiol 17β-glucuronide}} || E2-17G || 0.0015 || ? || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|Estradiol 3-glucuronide 17β-sulfate|Estradiol 3-gluc. 17β-sulfate}} || E2-3G-17S || 0.0001 || ? || ? || ? || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|Estrone sulfate (medication)|Estrone sulfate}} || E1S; Estrone 3-sulfate || <1 || <1 || >10 || >10 || Metabolite
|-
| {{No selflink|Estradiol benzoate}} || EB; Estradiol 3-benzoate || 10 || ? || ? || ? || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Estradiol 17β-benzoate}} || E2-17B || 11.3 || 32.6 || ? || ? || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Estrone methyl ether}} || Estrone 3-methyl ether || 0.145 || ? || ? || ? || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|ent-Estradiol|''ent''-Estradiol}} || 1-Estradiol || 1.31–12.34 || 9.44–80.07 || ? || ? || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Equilin}} || 7-Dehydroestrone || {{Median|4.0|13|28.9}} (4.0–28.9) || 13.0–49 || 0.79 || 0.36 || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Equilenin}} || 6,8-Didehydroestrone || 2.0–15 || 7.0–20 || 0.64 || 0.62 || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|17β-Dihydroequilin}} || 7-Dehydro-17β-estradiol || 7.9–113 || 7.9–108 || 0.09 || 0.17 || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|17α-Dihydroequilin}} || 7-Dehydro-17α-estradiol || {{Median|18|18.6|41}} (18–41) || 14–32 || 0.24 || 0.57 || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|17β-Dihydroequilenin}} || 6,8-Didehydro-17β-estradiol || 35–68 || 90–100 || 0.15 || 0.20 || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|17α-Dihydroequilenin}} || 6,8-Didehydro-17α-estradiol || 20 || 49 || 0.50 || 0.37 || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|8,9-Dehydroestradiol|Δ<sup>8</sup>-Estradiol}} || 8,9-Dehydro-17β-estradiol || 68 || 72 || 0.15 || 0.25 || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|8,9-Dehydroestrone|Δ<sup>8</sup>-Estrone}} || 8,9-Dehydroestrone || 19 || 32 || 0.52 || 0.57 || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Ethinylestradiol}} || EE; 17α-Ethynyl-17β-E2 || {{Median|68.8|84.6|98|100|111|116|120|120.9|127|140|141|190|200|233|480}} (68.8–480) || {{Median|2.0|11|24.35|32.2|37.8|51|56|120|144|256.79}} (2.0–144) || 0.02–0.05 || 0.29–0.81 || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Mestranol}} || EE 3-methyl ether || ? || 2.5 || ? || ? || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Moxestrol}} || RU-2858; 11β-Methoxy-EE || 35–43 || 5–20 || 0.5 || 2.6 || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Methylestradiol}} || 17α-Methyl-17β-estradiol || 70 || 44 || ? || ? || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Diethylstilbestrol}} || DES; Stilbestrol || {{Median|89.1|91|93.47|100|116.3|118|141|174.0|175|219|236|468}} (89.1–468) || {{Median|61.2|123.91|130|166|219.63|221|245.2|250|295}} (61.2–295) || 0.04 || 0.05 || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Hexestrol}} || Dihydrodiethylstilbestrol || {{Median|31|37.2|270|302}} (31–302) || 60–234 || 0.06 || 0.06 || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Dienestrol}} || Dehydrostilbestrol || {{Median|20.4|37|223}} (20.4–223) || 56–404 || 0.05 || 0.03 || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Benzestrol|Benzestrol (B2)}} || – || 114 || ? || ? || ? || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Chlorotrianisene}} || TACE || 1.74 || ? || 15.30 || ? || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Triphenylethylene}} || TPE || 0.074 || ? || ? || ? || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Triphenylbromoethylene}} || TPBE || 2.69 || ? || ? || ? || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Tamoxifen}} || ICI-46,474 || {{Median|0.1|0.89|0.90|1.01|1.7|2.3|3.0|3.1|4.0|7.0|11.0|46.8|47}} (0.1–47) || {{Median|0.28|1.14|3.0|3.33|4.0|5.4|6}} (0.28–6) || 3.4–9.69 || 2.5 || SERM
|-
| {{No selflink|Afimoxifene}} || 4-Hydroxytamoxifen; 4-OHT || {{Median|1.7|4.7|14|36|75.2|125|155|178|240|257}} (1.7–257) || {{Median|0.98|2.3|10|232|339}} (0.98–339) || {{Median|0.1|2.3|3.61}} (0.1–3.61) || 0.04–4.8 || SERM
|-
| {{No selflink|Toremifene}} || 4-Chlorotamoxifen; 4-CT || ? || ? || 7.14–20.3 || 15.4 || SERM
|-
| {{No selflink|Clomifene}} || MRL-41 || {{Median|19.2|25|37.2}} (19.2–37.2) || 12 || 0.9 || 1.2 || SERM
|-
| {{No selflink|Cyclofenil}} || F-6066; Sexovid || 151–152 || 243 || ? || ? || SERM
|-
| {{No selflink|Nafoxidine}} || U-11,000A || 30.9–44 || 16 || 0.3 || 0.8 || SERM
|-
| {{No selflink|Raloxifene}} || – || {{Median|7.8|25.0|25.1|34|41.2|48|50|62.5|69}} (7.8–69) || {{Median|0.54|3.5|5.34|14|69}} (0.54–16) || 0.188–0.52 || 20.2 || SERM
|-
| {{No selflink|Arzoxifene}} || LY-353,381 || ? || ? || 0.179 || ? || SERM
|-
| {{No selflink|Lasofoxifene}} || CP-336,156 || 10.2–166 || 19.0 || 0.229 || ? || SERM
|-
| {{No selflink|Ormeloxifene}} || Centchroman || ? || ? || 0.313 || ? || SERM
|-
| {{No selflink|Levormeloxifene}} || 6720-CDRI; NNC-460,020 || 1.55 || 1.88 || ? || ? || SERM
|-
| {{No selflink|Ospemifene}} || Deaminohydroxytoremifene || 2.63 || 1.22 || ? || ? || SERM
|-
| {{No selflink|Bazedoxifene}} || – || ? || ? || 0.053 || ? || SERM
|-
| {{No selflink|Etacstil}} || GW-5638 || 4.30 || 11.5 || ? || ? || SERM
|-
| {{No selflink|ICI-164,384}} || – || {{Median|3.70|42|85|97.7}} (3.70–97.7) || 166 || 0.2 || 0.08 || Antiestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Fulvestrant}} || ICI-182,780 || {{Median|9.4|30.94|42|45|79.4|325}} (9.4–325) || {{Median|2.05|8.3|35|40.5}} (2.05–40.5) || 0.42 || 1.3 || Antiestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Propylpyrazoletriol}} || PPT || {{Median|10.0|49|89.1}} (10.0–89.1) || 0.12 || 0.40 || 92.8 || ERα agonist
|-
| {{No selflink|16α-LE2}} || 16α-Lactone-17β-estradiol || 14.6–57 || 0.089 || 0.27 || 131 || ERα agonist
|-
| {{No selflink|16α-Iodo-E2}} || 16α-Iodo-17β-estradiol || 30.2 || 2.30 || ? || ? || ERα agonist
|-
| {{No selflink|Methylpiperidinopyrazole}} || MPP || 11 || 0.05 || ? || ? || ERα antagonist
|-
| {{No selflink|Diarylpropionitrile}} || DPN || 0.12–0.25 || 6.6–18 || 32.4 || 1.7 || ERβ agonist
|-
| {{No selflink|8β-VE2}} || 8β-Vinyl-17β-estradiol || 0.35 || 22.0–83 || 12.9 || 0.50 || ERβ agonist
|-
| {{No selflink|Prinaberel}} || ERB-041; WAY-202,041 || 0.27 || 67–72 || ? || ? || ERβ agonist
|-
| {{No selflink|ERB-196}} || WAY-202,196 || ? || 180 || ? || ? || ERβ agonist
|-
| {{No selflink|Erteberel}} || SERBA-1; LY-500,307 || ? || ? || 2.68 || 0.19 || ERβ agonist
|-
| {{No selflink|SERBA-2}} || – || ? || ? || 14.5 || 1.54 || ERβ agonist
|-
| {{No selflink|Coumestrol}} || – || {{Median|0.00264|0.0117|0.05|0.26|0.81|2.9|7.8|10.65|11.3|18|20|22|34|94}} (0.0117–94) || {{Median|0.41|2.2|2.5|15.4|35|93.25|95|100|140|185}} (0.41–185) || 0.14–80.0 || 0.07–27.0 || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Genistein}} || – || {{Median|0.0012|0.01|0.013|0.017|0.032|0.10|0.120|0.3|0.59|1.43|4.0|4.0|5.0|5.0|6|16}} (0.0012–16) || {{Median|0.86|2.0|3.2|7.4|31.5|35.34|36|38|79|87}} (0.86–87) || 2.6–126 || 0.3–12.8 || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Equol}} || – || 0.2–0.287 || {{Median|0.025|0.10|1.6|2.85}} (0.10–2.85) || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Daidzein}} || – || {{Median|0.0000126|0.0018|<!--<-->0.01|0.01|0.015|<!--<-->0.040|0.1|0.1|0.18|0.2|1.2|9.3}} (0.0018–9.3) || {{Median|0.04|0.13|0.5|0.573|1.0|1.0|2.0|17.1}} (0.04–17.1) || 2.0 || 85.3 || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Biochanin A}} || – || {{Median|0.022|<!--<-->0.040|0.15}} (0.022–0.15) || {{Median|0.010|0.075|1.17|1.2}} (0.010–1.2) || 174 || 8.9 || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Kaempferol}} || – || {{Median|0.029|0.07|0.10}} (0.029–0.10) || {{Median|0.002|2.20|3.00}} (0.002–3.00) || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Naringenin}} || – || {{Median|<!--<-->0.001|0.0054|0.01}} (<0.001–0.01) || {{Median|0.11|0.15|0.33}} (0.11–0.33) || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|8-Prenylnaringenin}} || 8-PN || 4.4 || ? || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Quercetin}} || – || <0.001–0.01 || 0.002–0.040 || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Ipriflavone}} || – || <0.01 || <0.01 || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Miroestrol}} || – || 0.39 || ? || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Deoxymiroestrol}} || – || 2.0 || ? || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|β-Sitosterol}} || – || <0.001–0.0875 || <0.001–0.016 || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Resveratrol}} || – || <0.001–0.0032 || ? || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|α-Zearalenol}} || – || {{Median|13|48|52.5}} (13–52.5) || ? || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|β-Zearalenol}} || – || {{Median|0.032|0.6|13}} (0.032–13) || ? || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Zeranol}} || α-Zearalanol || 48–111 || ? || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Taleranol}} || β-Zearalanol || {{Median|13|16|17.8}} (13–17.8) || 14 || 0.8 || 0.9 || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Zearalenone}} || ZEN || {{Median|2.04|2.82|4.08|7|7.68|9.3|10|14.9|28}} (2.04–28) || {{Median|2.43|4.85|5|13.9|18|31.5}} (2.43–31.5) || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Zearalanone}} || ZAN || 0.51 || ? || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Bisphenol A}} || BPA || {{Median|0.002|0.008|<!--<-->0.01|0.01|0.023|0.04|0.05|0.195|0.315|1.0}} (0.008–1.0) || {{Median|0.002|<!--<-->0.01|0.01|0.26|0.33|4.23}} (0.002–4.23) || 195 || 35 || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Endosulfan}} || EDS || <0.001–<0.01 || <0.01 || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Kepone}} || Chlordecone || 0.0069–0.2 || ? || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|o,p'-DDT|''o,p<nowiki>'</nowiki>''-DDT}} || – || 0.0073–0.4 || ? || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|p,p'-DDT|''p,p<nowiki>'</nowiki>''-DDT}} || – || {{Median|<!--<-->0.001|0.03|0.09}} || ? || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Methoxychlor}} || ''p,p<nowiki>'</nowiki>''-Dimethoxy-DDT || {{Median|<!--<-->0.001|0.007|0.01|0.01|0.02}} (<0.001–0.02) || 0.01–0.13 || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|HPTE}} || Hydroxychlor; ''p,p<nowiki>'</nowiki>''-OH-DDT || 1.2–1.7 || ? || ? || ? || Xenoestrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Testosterone (medication)|Testosterone}} || T; 4-Androstenolone || <0.0001–<0.01<!--incl. <0.001--> || <0.002–0.040<!--incl. <0.01--> || >5000 || >5000 || Androgen
|-
| {{No selflink|Androstanolone|Dihydrotestosterone}} || DHT; 5α-Androstanolone || {{Median|<!--<-->0.001|0.001|0.01|0.049|0.05}} (<0.001–0.05) || 0.0059–0.17 || 221–>5000 || 73–1688 || Androgen
|-
| {{No selflink|Nandrolone}} || 19-Nortestosterone; 19-NT || 0.01 || 0.23 || 765 || 53 || Androgen
|-
| {{No selflink|Prasterone|Dehydroepiandrosterone}} || DHEA; Prasterone || {{Median|<!--<-->0.001|0.038|0.04}} (<0.001–0.04) || 0.019–0.07 || 245–1053 || 163–515 || Androgen
|-
| {{No selflink|5-Androstenediol}} || A5; Androstenediol || 6 || 17 || 3.6 || 0.9 || Androgen
|-
| {{No selflink|4-Androstenediol}} || – || 0.5 || 0.6 || 23 || 19 || Androgen
|-
| {{No selflink|4-Androstenedione}} || A4; Androstenedione || <0.01 || <0.01 || >10000 || >10000 || Androgen
|-
| {{No selflink|3α-Androstanediol}} || 3α-Adiol || 0.07 || 0.3 || 260 || 48 || Androgen
|-
| {{No selflink|3β-Androstanediol}} || 3β-Adiol || 3 || 7 || 6 || 2 || Androgen
|-
| {{No selflink|Androstanedione}} || 5α-Androstanedione || <0.01 || <0.01 || >10000 || >10000 || Androgen
|-
| {{No selflink|Etiocholanedione}} || 5β-Androstanedione || <0.01 || <0.01 || >10000 || >10000 || Androgen
|-
| {{No selflink|Methyltestosterone}} || 17α-Methyltestosterone || <0.0001 || ? || ? || ? || Androgen
|-
| {{No selflink|Ethinyl-3α-androstanediol}} || 17α-Ethynyl-3α-adiol || 4.0 || <0.07 || ? || ? || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Ethinyl-3β-androstanediol}} || 17α-Ethynyl-3β-adiol || 50 || 5.6 || ? || ? || Estrogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Progesterone (medication)|Progesterone}} || P4; 4-Pregnenedione || <0.001–0.6 || <0.001–0.010 || ? || ? || Progestogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Norethisterone}} || NET; 17α-Ethynyl-19-NT || {{Median|0.0015|0.07|<!--<-->0.1|<!--<-->0.1}} (0.0015–<0.1) || {{Median|0.01||<!--<-->0.1|0.3}} (0.01–0.3) || 152 || 1084 || Progestogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Norethynodrel}} || 5(10)-Norethisterone || {{Median|0.3|0.4|0.60|0.7}} (0.3–0.7) || <0.1–0.22 || 14 || 53 || Progestogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Tibolone}} || 7α-Methylnorethynodrel || {{Median|0.45|0.5|2.0}} (0.45–2.0) || 0.2–0.076 || ? || ? || Progestogen
|-
| {{No selflink|Δ4-Tibolone|Δ<sup>4</sup>-Tibolone}} || 7α-Methylnorethisterone || 0.069–<0.1 <!--(incl. <0.1)--> || 0.027–<0.1 || ? || ? || Progestogen
|-
| {{No selflink|3α-Hydroxytibolone}} || – || {{Median|1.06|2.5|5.0}} (1.06–5.0) || 0.6–0.8 || ? || ? || Progestogen
|-
| {{No selflink|3β-Hydroxytibolone}} || – || {{Median|0.75|1.6|1.9}} (0.75–1.9) || 0.070–0.1 || ? || ? || Progestogen
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="7" style="width: 1px; background-color:#eaecf0; text-align: center; | '''Footnotes:''' <sup>a</sup> = (1) [[Binding affinity]] values are of the format "median (range)" (# (#–#)), "range" (#–#), or "value" (#) depending on the values available. The full sets of values within the ranges can be found in the Wiki code. (2) Binding affinities were determined via displacement studies in a variety of ''[[in-vitro]]'' systems with [[radiolabel|labeled]] estradiol and human [[ERα]] and [[ERβ]] proteins (except the ERβ values from Kuiper et al. (1997), which are rat ERβ).<noinclude><br /><hr /></noinclude><includeonly> </includeonly>'''Sources:''' <noinclude>Kuiper et al. (1997, 1998),<ref name="pmid9048584">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuiper GG, Carlsson B, Grandien K, Enmark E, Häggblad J, Nilsson S, Gustafsson JA | title = Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors alpha and beta | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 138 | issue = 3 | pages = 863–70 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9048584 | doi = 10.1210/endo.138.3.4979 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid9751507">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuiper GG, Lemmen JG, Carlsson B, Corton JC, Safe SH, van der Saag PT, van der Burg B, Gustafsson JA | title = Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 139 | issue = 10 | pages = 4252–63 | date = October 1998 | pmid = 9751507 | doi = 10.1210/endo.139.10.6216 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid16112947">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuhl H | title = Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration | journal = Climacteric | volume = 8 Suppl 1 | issue = | pages = 3–63 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16112947 | doi = 10.1080/13697130500148875 | url = http://hormonebalance.org/images/documents/Kuhl%2005%20%20Pharm%20Estro%20Progest%20Climacteric_1313155660.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Gargiulo2017">{{cite book|author=Antonio R. Gargiulo|title=Yen & Jaffe's Reproductive Endocrinology E-Book: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=67ZEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA120|date=23 December 2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-58232-2|pages=120–}}</ref> Bolger et al. (1998),<ref name="pmid9721254">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bolger R, Wiese TE, Ervin K, Nestich S, Checovich W | title = Rapid screening of environmental chemicals for estrogen receptor binding capacity | journal = Environ. Health Perspect. | volume = 106 | issue = 9 | pages = 551–7 | date = September 1998 | pmid = 9721254 | pmc = 1533147 | doi = 10.1289/ehp.98106551 | url = }}</ref> Fritzemeier & Hegele-Hartung (1999),<ref name="FritzemeierHegele-Hartung1999">{{cite book|last1=Fritzemeier|first1=K.-H.|last2=Hegele-Hartung|first2=C.|chapter=In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Characterise Estrogens and Antiestrogens|pages=3–94|issn=0171-2004|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-60107-1_1|editor1=Michael Oettel|editor2=Ekkehard Schillinger|title=Estrogens and Antiestrogens II: Pharmacology and Clinical Application of Estrogens and Antiestrogen|series=Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology|volume=135 / 2|year=1999|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-642-60107-1|<!--url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBvyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA10-->}}</ref> Matthews et al. (2000),<ref name="pmid11162928">{{cite journal | vauthors = Matthews J, Celius T, Halgren R, Zacharewski T | title = Differential estrogen receptor binding of estrogenic substances: a species comparison | journal = J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. | volume = 74 | issue = 4 | pages = 223–34 | date = November 2000 | pmid = 11162928 | doi = 10.1016/s0960-0760(00)00126-6 | url = }}</ref> Gutendorf & Westendorf (2001),<ref name="pmid11518614">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gutendorf B, Westendorf J | title = Comparison of an array of in vitro assays for the assessment of the estrogenic potential of natural and synthetic estrogens, phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens | journal = Toxicology | volume = 166 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 79–89 | date = September 2001 | pmid = 11518614 | doi = 10.1016/s0300-483x(01)00437-1 | url = }}</ref> Han et al. (2002),<ref name="pmid12224631">{{cite journal | vauthors = Han DH, Denison MS, Tachibana H, Yamada K | title = Relationship between estrogen receptor-binding and estrogenic activities of environmental estrogens and suppression by flavonoids | journal = Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. | volume = 66 | issue = 7 | pages = 1479–87 | date = July 2002 | pmid = 12224631 | doi = 10.1271/bbb.66.1479 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid19913605" /> Harris et al. (2002),<ref name="pmid11958794">{{cite journal | vauthors = Harris HA, Bapat AR, Gonder DS, Frail DE | title = The ligand binding profiles of estrogen receptors alpha and beta are species dependent | journal = Steroids | volume = 67 | issue = 5 | pages = 379–84 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 11958794 | doi = 10.1016/s0039-128x(01)00194-5 | url = }}</ref> Tamrazi et al. (2002),<ref name="pmid12456792">{{cite journal | vauthors = Tamrazi A, Carlson KE, Daniels JR, Hurth KM, Katzenellenbogen JA | title = Estrogen receptor dimerization: ligand binding regulates dimer affinity and dimer dissociation rate | journal = Mol. Endocrinol. | volume = 16 | issue = 12 | pages = 2706–19 | date = December 2002 | pmid = 12456792 | doi = 10.1210/me.2002-0250 | url = }}</ref> de Gooyer et al. (2003),<ref name="pmid12475720">{{cite journal | vauthors = de Gooyer ME, Deckers GH, Schoonen WG, Verheul HA, Kloosterboer HJ | title = Receptor profiling and endocrine interactions of tibolone | journal = Steroids | volume = 68 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–30 | date = January 2003 | pmid = 12475720 | doi = 10.1016/s0039-128x(02)00112-5 | url = }}</ref> Ohno & Suzuki et al. (2003),<ref name="pmid12964612">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ohno K, Suzuki S, Fukushima T, Maeda M, Santa T, Imai K | title = Study on interactions of endocrine disruptors with estrogen receptor using fluorescence polarization | journal = Analyst | volume = 128 | issue = 8 | pages = 1091–6 | date = August 2003 | pmid = 12964612 | doi = 10.1039/b303985d | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid12945660">{{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki S, Ohno K, Santa T, Imai K | title = Study on interactions of endocrine disruptors with estrogen receptor-beta using fluorescence polarization | journal = Anal Sci | volume = 19 | issue = 8 | pages = 1103–8 | date = August 2003 | pmid = 12945660 | doi = 10.2116/analsci.19.1103 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid32500833">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jin J, Wu P, Zhang X, Li D, Wong WL, Lu YJ, Sun N, Zhang K | title = Understanding the interaction of estrogenic ligands with estrogen receptors: a survey of the functional and binding kinetic studies | journal = J Environ Sci Health C Toxicol Carcinog | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 142–168 | date = 2020 | pmid = 32500833 | doi = 10.1080/26896583.2020.1761204 | url = }}</ref> Mueller et al. (2004),<ref name="pmid15084758">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mueller SO, Simon S, Chae K, Metzler M, Korach KS | title = Phytoestrogens and their human metabolites show distinct agonistic and antagonistic properties on estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and ERbeta in human cells | journal = Toxicol. Sci. | volume = 80 | issue = 1 | pages = 14–25 | date = July 2004 | pmid = 15084758 | doi = 10.1093/toxsci/kfh147 | url = }}</ref> Perez et al. (2004, 2005),<ref name="Perez2004">{{cite thesis | last = Perez | first = E. J. | title = Estratriene Neuroprotection through Antioxidant, Non-Estrogen Receptor Mediated Mechanisms | year = 2004 | type = Doctoral | publisher = University of Florida | url = https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0003140/00001}}</ref><ref name="PerezCai2005">{{cite journal|last1=Perez|first1=Evelyn|last2=Cai|first2=Zu Yun|last3=Covey|first3=Douglas F.|last4=Simpkins|first4=James W.|title=Neuroprotective effects of estratriene analogs: structure-activity relationships and molecular optimization|journal=Drug Development Research|volume=66|issue=2|year=2005|pages=78–92|issn=0272-4391|doi=10.1002/ddr.20047}}</ref><ref name="pmid21111714">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yi KD, Perez E, Yang S, Liu R, Covey DF, Simpkins JW | title = The assessment of non-feminizing estrogens for use in neuroprotection | journal = Brain Res. | volume = 1379 | issue = | pages = 61–70 | date = March 2011 | pmid = 21111714 | pmc = 3048764 | doi = 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.058 | url = }}</ref> Chen et al. 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Chem. | volume = 12 | issue = 9 | pages = 1077–136 | date = 2005 | pmid = 15892637 | doi = 10.2174/0929867053764662 | url = }}</ref> Escande et al. (2006),<ref name="pmid16554039">{{cite journal | vauthors = Escande A, Pillon A, Servant N, Cravedi JP, Larrea F, Muhn P, Nicolas JC, Cavaillès V, Balaguer P | title = Evaluation of ligand selectivity using reporter cell lines stably expressing estrogen receptor alpha or beta | journal = Biochem. Pharmacol. | volume = 71 | issue = 10 | pages = 1459–69 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16554039 | doi = 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.02.002 | url = }}</ref> Sonneveld et al. (2006),<ref name="pmid16221957">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sonneveld E, Riteco JA, Jansen HJ, Pieterse B, Brouwer A, Schoonen WG, van der Burg B | title = Comparison of in vitro and in vivo screening models for androgenic and estrogenic activities | journal = Toxicol. 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(2006),<ref name="pmid16728493">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhu BT, Han GZ, Shim JY, Wen Y, Jiang XR | title = Quantitative structure-activity relationship of various endogenous estrogen metabolites for human estrogen receptor alpha and beta subtypes: Insights into the structural determinants favoring a differential subtype binding | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 147 | issue = 9 | pages = 4132–50 | date = September 2006 | pmid = 16728493 | doi = 10.1210/en.2006-0113 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid24098659">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang P, McInnes C, Zhu BT | title = Structural characterization of the binding interactions of various endogenous estrogen metabolites with human estrogen receptor α and β subtypes: a molecular modeling study | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 9 | pages = e74615 | date = 2013 | pmid = 24098659 | pmc = 3786999 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0074615 | url = }}</ref> Harris (2007),<ref name="pmid16556737">{{cite journal | vauthors = Harris HA | title = Estrogen receptor-beta: recent lessons from in vivo studies | journal = Mol. Endocrinol. | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–13 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 16556737 | doi = 10.1210/me.2005-0459 | url = }}</ref> Akahori et al. (2008),<ref name="pmid17904329">{{cite journal | vauthors = Akahori Y, Nakai M, Yamasaki K, Takatsuki M, Shimohigashi Y, Ohtaki M | title = Relationship between the results of in vitro receptor binding assay to human estrogen receptor alpha and in vivo uterotrophic assay: comparative study with 65 selected chemicals | journal = Toxicol In Vitro | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 225–31 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 17904329 | doi = 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.08.004 | url = }}</ref> Attardi et al. (2008),<ref name="pmid18555683">{{cite journal | vauthors = Attardi BJ, Pham TC, Radler LC, Burgenson J, Hild SA, Reel JR | title = Dimethandrolone (7alpha,11beta-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone) and 11beta-methyl-19-nortestosterone are not converted to aromatic A-ring products in the presence of recombinant human aromatase | journal = J. 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Biol. | volume = 85 | issue = 2-5 | pages = 473–82 | date = June 2003 | pmid = 12943738 | doi = 10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00220-6 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid16112947" /><ref name="pmid30308266">{{cite journal | vauthors = Atwood CS, Ekstein SF | title = Human versus non-human sex steroid use in hormone replacement therapies part 1: Preclinical data | journal = Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. | volume = 480 | issue = | pages = 12–35 | date = January 2019 | pmid = 30308266 | doi = 10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.003 | url = }}</ref> {{Abbrlink|NITE|National Institute of Technology and Evaluation}} (2008),<ref name="pmid18992918">{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu ZH, Kanjo Y, Mizutani S | title = Removal mechanisms for endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in wastewater treatment - physical means, biodegradation, and chemical advanced oxidation: a review | journal = Sci. Total Environ. | volume = 407 | issue = 2 | pages = 731–48 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 18992918 | doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.08.039 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid19559467">{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu ZH, Kanjo Y, Mizutani S | title = Urinary excretion rates of natural estrogens and androgens from humans, and their occurrence and fate in the environment: a review | journal = Sci. Total Environ. | volume = 407 | issue = 18 | pages = 4975–85 | date = September 2009 | pmid = 19559467 | doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.06.001 | url = }}</ref> Visser et al. (2008),<ref name="pmid18464025">{{cite journal | vauthors = Visser M, Foidart JM, Coelingh Bennink HJ | title = In vitro effects of estetrol on receptor binding, drug targets and human liver cell metabolism | journal = Climacteric | volume = 11 Suppl 1 | issue = | pages = 64–8 | date = 2008 | pmid = 18464025 | doi = 10.1080/13697130802050340 | url = }}</ref> Escande et al. (2009),<ref name="pmid19464167">{{cite journal | vauthors = Escande A, Servant N, Rabenoelina F, Auzou G, Kloosterboer H, Cavaillès V, Balaguer P, Maudelonde T | title = Regulation of activities of steroid hormone receptors by tibolone and its primary metabolites | journal = J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. | volume = 116 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 8–14 | date = August 2009 | pmid = 19464167 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.03.008 | url = }}</ref> Rider et al. (2009),<ref name="pmid19453209">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rider CV, Hartig PC, Cardon MC, Wilson VS | title = Comparison of chemical binding to recombinant fathead minnow and human estrogen receptors alpha in whole cell and cell-free binding assays | journal = Environ. Toxicol. Chem. | volume = 28 | issue = 10 | pages = 2175–81 | date = October 2009 | pmid = 19453209 | doi = 10.1897/09-018.1 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid19022364">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rider CV, Hartig PC, Cardon MC, Wilson VS | title = Development of a competitive binding assay system with recombinant estrogen receptors from multiple species | journal = Toxicol. Lett. | volume = 184 | issue = 2 | pages = 85–9 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19022364 | doi = 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.10.015 | url = }}</ref> Shanle & Xu (2010),<ref name="pmid20708050">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shanle EK, Xu W | title = Selectively targeting estrogen receptors for cancer treatment | journal = Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. | volume = 62 | issue = 13 | pages = 1265–76 | date = October 2010 | pmid = 20708050 | pmc = 2991615 | doi = 10.1016/j.addr.2010.08.001 | url = }}</ref> Dang et al. (2010),<ref name="pmid19913605">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dang Z | title = Comparison of relative binding affinities to fish and mammalian estrogen receptors: the regulatory implications | journal = Toxicol. Lett. | volume = 192 | issue = 3 | pages = 298–315 | date = February 2010 | pmid = 19913605 | doi = 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.11.004 | url = }}</ref> Toniti et al. (2011),<ref name="pmid22393957">{{cite journal | vauthors = Toniti W, Suthiyotha N, Puchadapirom P, Jenwitheesuk E | title = Binding capacity of ER-α ligands and SERMs: comparison of the human, dog and cat | journal = Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. | volume = 12 | issue = 11 | pages = 2875–9 | date = 2011 | pmid = 22393957 | doi = | url = }}</ref> Ahlem et al. (2012),<ref name="pmid20814732">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ahlem C, Kennedy M, Page T, Bell D, Delorme E, Villegas S, Reading C, White S, Stickney D, Frincke J | title = 17α-alkynyl 3α, 17β-androstanediol non-clinical and clinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and metabolism | journal = Invest New Drugs | volume = 30 | issue = 1 | pages = 59–78 | year = 2012 | pmid = 20814732 | doi = 10.1007/s10637-010-9517-0 | url = }}</ref> Mizutani et al. (2012),<ref name="pmid22293477">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mizutani MY, Takamatsu Y, Ichinose T, Itai A | title = Prediction of ligand binding affinity using a multiple-conformations-multiple-protonation scheme: application to estrogen receptor α | journal = Chem. Pharm. Bull. | volume = 60 | issue = 2 | pages = 183–94 | date = 2012 | pmid = 22293477 | doi = 10.1248/cpb.60.183 | url = }}</ref> Durmaz et al. (2013),<ref name="pmid24063761">{{cite journal | vauthors = Durmaz V, Schmidt S, Sabri P, Piechotta C, Weber M | title = Hands-off linear interaction energy approach to binding mode and affinity estimation of estrogens | journal = J Chem Inf Model | volume = 53 | issue = 10 | pages = 2681–8 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 24063761 | doi = 10.1021/ci400392p | url = }}</ref> Unkilaa et al. (2013),<ref name="pmid23665515">{{cite journal | vauthors = Unkila M, Kari S, Yatkin E, Lammintausta R | title = Vaginal effects of ospemifene in the ovariectomized rat preclinical model of menopause | journal = J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. | volume = 138 | issue = | pages = 107–15 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 23665515 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.04.004 | url = }}</ref> and Perkins et al. (2018).<ref name="pmid28743541">{{cite journal | vauthors = Perkins MS, Louw-du Toit R, Africander D | title = A comparative characterization of estrogens used in hormone therapy via estrogen receptor (ER)-α and -β | journal = J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. | volume = 174 | issue = | pages = 27–39 | date = November 2017 | pmid = 28743541 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.07.022 | url = }}</ref><ref name="Perkins2018">{{cite thesis | type = Doctoral | last = Perkins | first = M. S. | title = Investigating the mechanism of action of hormones used in hormone replacement therapy via estrogen receptor subtypes and the influence of the progesterone receptor | year = 2018 | publisher = Stellenbosch University | publication-place = Stellenbosch, South Africa | url = http://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/103836}}</ref> '''Other sources''' (not included due to (1) no ER subtype specificity; (2) non-human ERs; and/or (3) only estrogenic potencies without affinity values): <ref name="pmid9071738">{{cite journal | vauthors = Anstead GM, Carlson KE, Katzenellenbogen JA | title = The estradiol pharmacophore: ligand structure-estrogen receptor binding affinity relationships and a model for the receptor binding site | journal = Steroids | volume = 62 | issue = 3 | pages = 268–303 | date = March 1997 | pmid = 9071738 | doi = 10.1016/s0039-128x(96)00242-5 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid12387416">{{cite journal | vauthors = Legler J, Zeinstra LM, Schuitemaker F, Lanser PH, Bogerd J, Brouwer A, Vethaak AD, De Voogt P, Murk AJ, Van der Burg B | title = Comparison of in vivo and in vitro reporter gene assays for short-term screening of estrogenic activity | journal = Environ. Sci. Technol. | volume = 36 | issue = 20 | pages = 4410–5 | date = October 2002 | pmid = 12387416 | doi = 10.1021/es010323a | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid9353176">{{cite journal | vauthors = Tong W, Perkins R, Strelitz R, Collantes ER, Keenan S, Welsh WJ, Branham WS, Sheehan DM | title = Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for estrogen binding to the estrogen receptor: predictions across species | journal = Environ. Health Perspect. | volume = 105 | issue = 10 | pages = 1116–24 | date = October 1997 | pmid = 9353176 | pmc = 1470374 | doi = 10.1289/ehp.971051116 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid10746941">{{cite journal | vauthors = Blair RM, Fang H, Branham WS, Hass BS, Dial SL, Moland CL, Tong W, Shi L, Perkins R, Sheehan DM | title = The estrogen receptor relative binding affinities of 188 natural and xenochemicals: structural diversity of ligands | journal = Toxicol. Sci. | volume = 54 | issue = 1 | pages = 138–53 | date = March 2000 | pmid = 10746941 | doi = 10.1093/toxsci/54.1.138 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid10964792">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fang H, Tong W, Perkins R, Soto AM, Prechtl NV, Sheehan DM | title = Quantitative comparisons of in vitro assays for estrogenic activities | journal = Environ. Health Perspect. | volume = 108 | issue = 8 | pages = 723–9 | date = August 2000 | pmid = 10964792 | pmc = 1638296 | doi = 10.1289/ehp.00108723 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid11258977">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fang H, Tong W, Shi LM, Blair R, Perkins R, Branham W, Hass BS, Xie Q, Dial SL, Moland CL, Sheehan DM | title = Structure-activity relationships for a large diverse set of natural, synthetic, and environmental estrogens | journal = Chem. Res. Toxicol. | volume = 14 | issue = 3 | pages = 280–94 | date = March 2001 | pmid = 11258977 | doi = 10.1021/tx000208y | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid11206373">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shi LM, Fang H, Tong W, Wu J, Perkins R, Blair RM, Branham WS, Dial SL, Moland CL, Sheehan DM | title = QSAR models using a large diverse set of estrogens | journal = J Chem Inf Comput Sci | volume = 41 | issue = 1 | pages = 186–95 | date = 2001 | pmid = 11206373 | doi = 10.1021/ci000066d | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid11925457">{{cite journal | vauthors = Branham WS, Dial SL, Moland CL, Hass BS, Blair RM, Fang H, Shi L, Tong W, Perkins RG, Sheehan DM | title = Phytoestrogens and mycoestrogens bind to the rat uterine estrogen receptor | journal = J. Nutr. | volume = 132 | issue = 4 | pages = 658–64 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 11925457 | doi = 10.1093/jn/132.4.658 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid12598185">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hu JY, Aizawa T | title = Quantitative structure-activity relationships for estrogen receptor binding affinity of phenolic chemicals | journal = Water Res. | volume = 37 | issue = 6 | pages = 1213–22 | date = March 2003 | pmid = 12598185 | doi = 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00378-0 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid15276617">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bovee TF, Helsdingen RJ, Rietjens IM, Keijer J, Hoogenboom RL | title = Rapid yeast estrogen bioassays stably expressing human estrogen receptors alpha and beta, and green fluorescent protein: a comparison of different compounds with both receptor types | journal = J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. | volume = 91 | issue = 3 | pages = 99–109 | date = July 2004 | pmid = 15276617 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.03.118 | url = }}</ref><ref name="Cronin2004">{{cite book|author1=Tong, W. |author2=Fang, H. |author3=Hong, H. |author4=Xie, Q. |author5=Perkins, R. |author6=Sheehan, D. M.|chapter=Receptor-mediated toxicity: QSARs for estrogen receptor binding and priority setting of potential estrogenic endocrine disruptors|editor=Mark T.D. Cronin|title=Predicting Chemical Toxicity and Fate|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wQRr0tItUmAC&pg=PA285|date=10 May 2004|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-203-64262-7|pages=285–}}</ref><ref name="pmid15876408">{{cite journal | vauthors = Matsumura A, Ghosh A, Pope GS, Darbre PD | title = Comparative study of oestrogenic properties of eight phytoestrogens in MCF7 human breast cancer cells | journal = J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. | volume = 94 | issue = 5 | pages = 431–43 | date = April 2005 | pmid = 15876408 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.12.041 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid17884132">{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu H, Papa E, Gramatica P | title = Evaluation and QSAR modeling on multiple endpoints of estrogen activity based on different bioassays | journal = Chemosphere | volume = 70 | issue = 10 | pages = 1889–97 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 17884132 | doi = 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.07.071 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid20738246">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lóránd T, Vigh E, Garai J | title = Hormonal action of plant derived and anthropogenic non-steroidal estrogenic compounds: phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens | journal = Curr. Med. Chem. | volume = 17 | issue = 30 | pages = 3542–74 | date = 2010 | pmid = 20738246 | doi = 10.2174/092986710792927813 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid21195753">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dang Z, Ru S, Wang W, Rorije E, Hakkert B, Vermeire T | title = Comparison of chemical-induced transcriptional activation of fish and human estrogen receptors: regulatory implications | journal = Toxicol. Lett. | volume = 201 | issue = 2 | pages = 152–75 | date = March 2011 | pmid = 21195753 | doi = 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.12.020 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid29632997">{{cite journal | vauthors = Borgert CJ, Matthews JC, Baker SP | title = Human-relevant potency threshold (HRPT) for ERα agonism | journal = Arch. Toxicol. | volume = 92 | issue = 5 | pages = 1685–1702 | date = May 2018 | pmid = 29632997 | pmc = 5962616 | doi = 10.1007/s00204-018-2186-z | url = }}</ref></noinclude><includeonly>See template page.</includeonly>
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==See also==
* [[Chemistry:Estrogen (medication)#Pharmacodynamics|Estrogen (medication) § Pharmacodynamics]]
* [[Template:Relative affinities of estrogens for steroid hormone receptors and blood proteins]]
* [[Template:Selected biological properties of endogenous estrogens in rats]]
* [[Template:Affinities and estrogenic potencies of estrogen esters and ethers at the estrogen receptors]]
* [[Template:Relative affinities of anabolic steroids and related steroids]]
* [[Template:Pharmacodynamics of progestogens]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
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[[Category:Medication templates]]
[[Category:Templates that generate named references]]
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